The Biosynthesis of Uroporphyrinogen III: Mechanism of Action of Porphobilinogen Deaminase

Jordan, Peter M.

doi:10.1002/9780470514535.ch5

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Conversely, any transport of UROS from inside the diatom endosymbiont compartment to the eyespot (remnant of the original dinoflagellate peridinin plastid) is hard to imagine. The absence of the original dinoflagellate UROS could be explained by transport of pre-uroporphyrinogen (hydroxymethylbilane), however, pre-uroporphyrinogen is highly unstable [73]. Furthermore, all the antecedent enzymes in the eyespot pathway (GTR, GSA-AT, ALAD, PBGD) would become redundant and therefore should have been lost from the genome.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Tetrapyrrole Biosynthetic Pathway in Secondary Algae: Conservation, Redundancy and Replacement

et al. 2016

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Tetrapyrroles such as chlorophyll and heme are indispensable for life because they are involved in energy fixation and consumption, i.e. photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation. In eukaryotes, the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway is shaped by past endosymbioses. We investigated the origins and predicted locations of the enzymes of the heme pathway in the chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans, the cryptophyte Guillardia theta, the “green” dinoflagellate Lepidodinium chlorophorum, and three dinoflagellates with diatom endosymbionts (“dinotoms”): Durinskia baltica, Glenodinium foliaceum and Kryptoperidinium foliaceum. Bigelowiella natans appears to contain two separate heme pathways analogous to those found in Euglena gracilis; one is predicted to be mitochondrial-cytosolic, while the second is predicted to be plastid-located. In the remaining algae, only plastid-type tetrapyrrole synthesis is present, with a single remnant of the mitochondrial-cytosolic pathway, a ferrochelatase of G. theta putatively located in the mitochondrion. The green dinoflagellate contains a single pathway composed of mostly rhodophyte-origin enzymes, and the dinotoms hold two heme pathways of apparently plastidal origin. We suggest that heme pathway enzymes in B. natans and L. chlorophorum share a predominantly rhodophytic origin. This implies the ancient presence of a rhodophyte-derived plastid in the chlorarachniophyte alga, analogous to the green dinoflagellate, or an exceptionally massive horizontal gene transfer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Tetrapyrrole Biosynthetic Pathway in Secondary Algae: Conservation, Redundancy and Replacement

et al. 2016

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Bacterial heme biosynthesis and its biotechnological application

Frankenberg

Moser

Jahn

2003

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

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Porra

Scheer

2000

Photosynthesis Research

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Chlorophylls, magnesium-containing tetrapyrrolic pigments of photosynthesis, are widely-distributed in Nature and participate in both light harvesting and in the transduction of light energy to chemical energy for the photosynthetic fixation of carbon dioxide. We briefly discuss the extensive role of various isotopic labelling techniques in elucidating the pathway of tetrapyrrole-pigment biosynthesis and we acknowledge the classic and meticulous research of David Shemin who, approximately 50 years ago, introduced isotopic tracer techniques with (15)N and (14)C isotopes to study the biosynthesis of the carbon/nitrogen macrocycle of haem, an iron tetrapyrrole. The main focus of this review is the application of mass spectrometry and (18)O labelling to the study of the incorporation of oxygen atoms from molecular oxygen or water into the periphery of the chlorophyll macrocycle during biosynthesis and their loss during degradation and light acclimation. In particular, we review the mechanism of formation of the isocyclic ring of chlorophylls, in higher plants, green algae and various photosynthetic bacteria, which concomitantly incurs formation of the 13(1)-oxo group that is present in all photosynthetically-active chlorophylls. In addition we discuss the formation of the ubiquitous 13(3)- and 17(3)-carboxyl groups and also the formation of the 7-formyl group of chlorophyll b and the 3-acetyl group of bacteriochlorophyll a.

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The Biosynthesis of Uroporphyrinogen III: Mechanism of Action of Porphobilinogen Deaminase

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Evolution of the Tetrapyrrole Biosynthetic Pathway in Secondary Algae: Conservation, Redundancy and Replacement

Evolution of the Tetrapyrrole Biosynthetic Pathway in Secondary Algae: Conservation, Redundancy and Replacement

Bacterial heme biosynthesis and its biotechnological application

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