The Biosynthesis of Phosphatidylglycerol

Kiyasu, John Y.; Pieringer, Ronald A.; Paulus, Henry; Kennedy, Eugene P.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)67968-8

Cited by 246 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…J. 81:31P, 1961) who proposed this configuration for the natural compound, and is in agreement with the biosynthetic pathway of this phospholipid (25,26). Although no studies were carried out on the stereochemical configuration of the phosphatidylglycerol moiety of the newly found derivatives of the phosphatidylglycerol, it seems likely that it corresponds to that of compound B.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Formation of formaldehyde upon oxidation with periodic acid (26) was carried out in ethanol with very concentrated solutions of the intact lipids in chloroform. For the quantitative estimation of periodate consumption, sodium periodate and the deacylated compounds were used instead, the disappearance of periodate being followed by spectrophotometry (11).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phospholipids of Streptococcus faecalis

Mota¹,

Kamp²,

Verheij³

et al. 1970

J Bacteriol

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Autoradiograms of total lipid extracts from Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790, harvested in the stationary phase from a medium containing 32 P-orthophosphate, showed six major spots. The corresponding compounds were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol (possibly with a penta acyl structure); phosphatidylglycerol; a provisionally identified mixture of alanylphosphatidylglycerol and of the 2′-lysyl-derivative of phosphatidylglycerol; the 3′-lysyl-derivative of phosphatidylglycerol, probably together with some arginylphosphatidylglycerol; a diglucosyl derivative of phosphatidylglycerol; and a compound which was tentatively identified as the 2′,3′-dilysyl derivative of phosphatidylglycerol.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipids of Streptococcus faecalis

Mota¹,

Kamp²,

Verheij³

et al. 1970

J Bacteriol

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“…De novo synthesis of CL in eukaryotic cells occurs through the CDP-DG (CDP 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol) pathway [10]. PA (phosphatidic acid) is converted into CDP-DG catalysed by CDP-DG synthetase [11]. In the second step of the pathway, CDP-DG condenses with sn-glycerol-3-phosphate to form PGP (phosphatidylglycerolphosphate) catalysed by PGP-S (PGP synthase).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several model systems, the level of PGP-S activity may regulate the production of CL [8,12,13]. The PGP formed from PGP-S does not accumulate in cells and is rapidly converted into PG (phosphatidylglycerol) by PGP phosphatase [11]. In the final step of the pathway, CL is formed from the condensation of PG and CDP-DG catalysed by CL synthase [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the mechanism of the increase in cardiolipin biosynthesis and resynthesis in hepatocytes during rat liver regeneration

Webster

Jiang

Lü

et al. 2005

Biochemical Journal

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CL (cardiolipin) is a major mitochondrial membrane phospholipid important for the regulation of mitochondrial function. We examined CL de novo biosynthesis and its resynthesis in isolated rat liver hepatocytes prepared 48 h subsequent to two-thirds PHx (partial hepatectomy). The pool size of CL and its de novo biosynthesis from [1,3-(3)H]glycerol were increased 3.3-fold (P<0.05) and 3.1-fold (P<0.05) respectively in hepatocytes prepared from PHx rats compared with sham-operated controls. The reason for the increased CL biosynthesis was a 65% increase (P<0.05) in enzymic activity in PGP-S (phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase), a key enzyme in de novo CL biosynthesis. The increase in PGP-S activity was due to a 3-fold increase (P<0.05) of hepatic PGP-S mRNA expression. The increase in de novo CL biosynthesis and pool size corresponded to a 2.3-fold increase (P<0.05) in the amount of [1-14C]linoleic acid incorporated into CL of hepatocytes prepared from PHx rats compared with sham-operated controls, indicating an increase in CL resynthesis. The activity of MLCL-AT (monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase), a rate-limiting enzyme of CL resynthesis, was increased by 43% (P<0.05) in hepatocytes prepared from PHx rats compared with sham-operated controls; this result would explain the increase in [1-14C]linoleic acid incorporation into CL. The increase in MLCL-AT activity was due to an increase in hepatic MLCL-AT protein expression. The results show that CL de novo biosynthesis and its resynthesis are increased during liver regeneration.

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“…Cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) are important structural and functional phospholipids in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells (for reviews, see [1][2][3][4][5]). PG is synthesized via the Kennedy [or CDP-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDP-DG)] pathway in mammalian tissues [6]. In this pathway, phosphatidic acid (PA) is charged to CDP-DG in the presence of CTP in a reaction catalysed by PA : CTP cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.41).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Acetylsphingosine stimulates phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase activity in H9c2 cardiac cells

XU¹,

KELLY²,

Hatch³

1999

Biochem. J.

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Cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis were examined in H9c2 cells incubated with short-chain ceramides. Incubation of cells with N-acetylsphingosine or N-hexanoylsphingosine stimulated [1, 3-3H]glycerol incorporation into phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin, with N-acetylsphingosine having the greater effect. The mechanism for the ceramide-mediated stimulation of de novo phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin biosynthesis appeared to be an increase in the activity of phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase, the committed step of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin biosynthesis. The presence of the potent protein phosphatase inhibitors calyculin A or okadaic acid attenuated the N-acetylsphingosine-mediated stimulation of phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase activity and of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin biosynthesis, indicating the involvement of a ceramide-activated protein phosphatase(s). The presence of 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP (CPT-cAMP) stimulated enzyme activity and [1,3-3H]glycerol incorporation into phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. The effects of CPT-cAMP and N-acetylsphingosine on phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin biosynthesis and on phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase activity were additive. Phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis from sn-[14C]glycerol 3-phosphate in permeabilized H9c2 cells was stimulated by preincubation with N-acetylsphingosine, and this was attenuated by okadaic acid. N-Acetylsphingosine treatment of cells elevated mitochondrial phospholipase A2 activity. Since the pool sizes of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin were unaltered in these cells, the observed increase in phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase activity may be a compensatory mechanism for the N-acetylsphingosine-mediated elevation of mitochondrial phospholipase A2 activity. Finally, addition of tumour necrosis factor alpha to H9c2 cells resulted in an elevation of both phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase and phospholipase A2 activities. The results suggest that phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin metabolism in H9c2 cells may be regulated by intracellular ceramide signalling.

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The Biosynthesis of Phosphatidylglycerol

Cited by 246 publications

References 24 publications

Phospholipids of Streptococcus faecalis

Phospholipids of Streptococcus faecalis

On the mechanism of the increase in cardiolipin biosynthesis and resynthesis in hepatocytes during rat liver regeneration

N-Acetylsphingosine stimulates phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase activity in H9c2 cardiac cells

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