The Biosecurity Continuum and Trade: Border Operations

Whattam, Mark; Clover, G. R. G.; Firko, Michael; Kalaris, Tom

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7365-3_6

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This information is of great value in identifying invasion risks, setting phytosanitary policies (e.g., import bans and mandatory phytosanitary treatments) and monitoring compliance with existing import regulations (IPPC Secretariat, 2021 ; Sequeira & Griffin, 2014 ). Countries vary in their sampling methods, identification abilities, and the species and commodities they target (Turner et al, 2021 ; Whattam et al, 2014 ). Nonetheless, border interception records provide a unique window into the unintentional movement of insects and the commodities they are associated with.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alien insect dispersal mediated by the global movement of commodities

Fenn‐Moltu

Ollier

Caton

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alien insect dispersal mediated by the global movement of commodities

Fenn‐Moltu

Ollier

Caton

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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“…Visual inspection of imports is widely used by national plant protection authorities to detect unwanted organisms and to verify compliance with phytosanitary measures (45,152). In addition, records of species intercepted during inspections provide valuable information about pathway risks and species transported with imported goods (23,80,144).…”

Section: Inspectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In theory, unwanted organisms might also be detected using methods such as X-ray imaging to see inside goods, detector dogs trained to detect odors associated with specific pests, or technologies that analyze acoustic signals or volatile organic chemicals that are characteristic of particular unwanted organisms (152). However, there are practical limitations to the availability and effectiveness of such methods.…”

Section: Detection Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Insect Biosecurity: Processes, Patterns, Predictions, Pitfalls

Nahrung

Liebhold

Brockerhoff

et al. 2023

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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The economic and environmental threats posed by non-native forest insects are ever increasing with the continuing globalization of trade and travel; thus, the need for mitigation through effective biosecurity is greater than ever. However, despite decades of research and implementation of preborder, border, and postborder preventative measures, insect invasions continue to occur, with no evidence of saturation, and are even predicted to accelerate. In this article, we review biosecurity measures used to mitigate the arrival, establishment, spread, and impacts of non-native forest insects and possible impediments to the successful implementation of these measures. Biosecurity successes are likely under-recognized because they are difficult to detect and quantify, whereas failures are more evident in the continued establishment of additional non-native species. There are limitations in existing biosecurity systems at global and country scales (for example, inspecting all imports is impossible, no phytosanitary measures are perfect, known unknowns cannot be regulated against, and noncompliance is an ongoing problem). Biosecurity should be a shared responsibility across countries, governments, stakeholders, and individuals. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Entomology, Volume 68 is January 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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“…Finally, moisture content is often fairly high, benefitting fungal growth and beetle survival 26 , but adults of PSHB are often found in fairly dry wood, where its second nutritional symbiont Graphium euwallaceae thrives 8 . As contaminants of wood, individuals may be resistant to phytosanitary treatments 27 and are difficult to manage through application of a single phytosanitary measure 23 . Their small size and cryptic colouration also aid in preventing detection during inspections.…”

Section: Introduction and Dispersal Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The polyphagous shot hole borer beetle: Current status of a perfect invader in South Africa

et al. 2021

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The polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) beetle is a recent invader in South Africa. Together with its fungal symbiont, Fusarium euwallaceae, it can rapidly kill highly susceptible host plants. Its impact is most profound in urban areas, but it has also been found infesting important forestry, agricultural crop and native species. Since its first detection in 2012, PSHB has spread to all but one province in the country. The beetle–fungus complex has several biological traits that enhance its anthropogenically mediated dispersal, establishment and survival in novel environments – factors that have likely facilitated its rapid spread across the country. We review the history of the PSHB invasion in South Africa, its taxonomic status and the reasons for its rapid spread. We highlight its potential impact and challenges for its management. Finally, we provide an updated distribution map and list of confirmed host plants in South Africa. Of the 130 plant species identified as hosts, 48 of these (19 indigenous and 29 introduced) are reproductive hosts able to maintain breeding PSHB populations. These reproductive hosts may succumb to beetle infestations and act as ‘pest-amplifiers’. The economic impact on urban forests, plantation forestry and agricultural crops may be severe, but the ecological impact of PSHB invasion in native ecosystems should not be underestimated.

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The Biosecurity Continuum and Trade: Border Operations

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Alien insect dispersal mediated by the global movement of commodities

Alien insect dispersal mediated by the global movement of commodities

Forest Insect Biosecurity: Processes, Patterns, Predictions, Pitfalls

The polyphagous shot hole borer beetle: Current status of a perfect invader in South Africa

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