The BIOREMA project—part 1: Towards international comparability for biofuel analysis

Baldan, Annarita; Ent, Hugo; Veen, Adriaan M. H. van der; Held, Andrea; Ulberth-Buchgraber, Manuela; Daroda, Romeu J.; Cunha, Valnei Smarçaro da; Wise, Stephen A.; Schantz, Michele M.; Brewer, Paul J.; Brown, Richard; O’Connor, Gavin

doi:10.1007/s00769-012-0946-7

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The total specific heat release, Q (as detailed earlier), was determined from both eqs 5 and 6 for the peaks present in the sample−baseline temperature difference profile (Figure 8A). The equations were evaluated according to the following criteria: (1) Δm was set to increase with time from an initially small value to the initial total mass, reaching the maximum value at the second peak (where reactions were expected to reach completion), (2) only portions of the temperature difference profile related to the two peaks were considered for analysis, (3) the minimum between the two peaks indicated the end of the first peak and the start of the second peak, and a tangent line drawn from the minimum outward to intersect the base of the profile defined the start of the first peak and end of the second peak, and (4) results from only one of the two data sets for each fuel are presented so no uncertainties are included with the reported values of Q. In addition, for eq 6, the thermal losses through the opening in the top of the reactor sphere were accounted for with a multiplicative correction factor (the opening surface area was estimated to be about 22% of the total sphere surface area).…”

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Data and empirical models of the properties, compatibility, and environmental impact of biofuels, as well as for conventional petroleum fuel/biofuel mixtures, are limited and needed to ensure biofuel implementation, commercialization into the U.S. marketplace, and appropriate government regulation. To ensure U.S. competitiveness with international entities, biofuel standards are required which are based on well-characterized reference biofuel compositions. , In addition to physical and chemical data, reliable data are needed on how harsh reactive environmental and operational conditions may impact fuel quality, chemical reactions, thermal energy/power release, and byproduct emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure U.S. competitiveness with international entities, biofuel standards are required which are based on well-characterized reference biofuel compositions. 2,3 In addition to physical and chemical data, reliable data are needed on how harsh reactive environmental and operational conditions may impact fuel quality, chemical reactions, thermal energy/power release, and byproduct emissions.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermochemical Characterization of Bio- and Petro-diesel Fuels Using a Novel Laser-Heating Technique

et al. 2015

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A state-of-the-art, rapid laser-heating technique, referred to as the laser-driven thermal reactor, was used to characterize National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material (SRM) diesel and biodiesel fuels, as well as a prototype biodiesel fuel. Also described are the various issues associated with carrying out these measurements under different operating conditions (i.e., temperature, pressure, heating rate, and sample mass). The technique provides measurement of various relevant thermochemical characteristics; for this investigation the focus was on the sample endothermic/exothermic behavior, specific heat release rate and total specific heat release. The experimental apparatus consists of a copper sphere-shaped reactor mounted within a vacuum chamber, along with integrated optical, gas-supply, and computer-controlled data-acquisition subsystems. At the center of the reactor, the sample rests on a thermocouple. The reactor is heated from opposing sides by a near-infrared laser to achieve nearly uniform sample temperature. The change in sample temperature with time (i.e., thermogram) is recorded and compared to a baseline (no sample) thermogram obtained prior to the experiment. Then processed (using an equation for thermal energy conservation) for the thermochemical information of interest. Results indicated that the modification of the baseline is attributed to residue remaining after completion of reactions and a change in the oxide layer of the reactor sphere outer surface. Thus, the sphere must be pre-oxidized in air using the laser prior to any sample or baseline measurement. This investigation provides preliminary evaluation of SRM biodiesel fuels, with the results being consistent with distillation curve work reported in the literature.

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Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermochemical Characterization of Bio- and Petro-diesel Fuels Using a Novel Laser-Heating Technique

et al. 2015

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“…However, the decision to develop a reference material is not taken lightly, largely due to the considerable resources needed to produce a CRM. This has already been explained and demonstrated in previous papers summarizing the findings of feasibility studies related to the production of biodiesel reference materials. − The information gained in these projects was used to improve critical steps in the physical production of and value assignment to the candidate CRM, to determine the priority needs of the analytical community, and to assess the potential demand for such materials, paving the way to the successful production of the first rapeseed-based biodiesel reference material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

New Certified Rapeseed-Based Biodiesel Reference Material for Effective Biodiesel Testing

et al. 2015

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The ‘White Paper on Internationally Compatible Biofuels Standards’, published by a task force of biofuels experts from Brazil, the European Union, and the United States in 2007, recommended the “development of internationally-accepted reference methods and certified reference materials ... that underpin assessment of product quality, and help facilitate trade.” To meet this need, the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements has released ERM-EF001, the first rapeseed-based biodiesel certified reference material, which is certified for selected parameters specified by the European Committee for Standardization in 2012 in standard EN 14214, i.e., the mass fraction of the ester, linolenic acid methyl ester, monoglyceride, diglyceride, triglyceride, total glycerol, and water content, density, viscosity, oxidation stability, acid value, iodine value, and flash point. All parameters are considered as method-defined measurands and can only be obtained by following the procedures specified in EN 14214. This article describes in detail the steps taken to produce this certified reference material.

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“…During method validation, a rapeseed-based biodiesel material produced in the BIOREMA project was used [11,12]. For trueness assessment, two certified reference materials (CRMs) were used from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA: NIST SRM 2773 (animal-based biodiesel) and NIST SRM 2377 (mixture of FAMEs).…”

Section: Samples and Certified References Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a GC–IDMS method for the metrologically traceable quantification of selected FAMEs in biodiesel

et al. 2015

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Current methods for the analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in rapeseed oil-based biodiesel refer to operationally defined measurands, which is a practical solution for routine analysis. In this paper, a new method for the SI-traceable quantification of selected FAMEs in biodiesel and its validation are described. This method has the potential to be a reference method for applications requiring structurally defined measurands and traceability to the SI as it allows direct comparisons to well-characterised calibrants through the use of isotopically labelled analogues of the analytes as well as establishing a full uncertainty budget. The method is based on gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Its performance is demonstrated through its implementation and validation in two independent laboratories and is shown to provide reliable and traceable results for selected FAMEs in biodiesel test samples.

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The BIOREMA project—part 1: Towards international comparability for biofuel analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Thermochemical Characterization of Bio- and Petro-diesel Fuels Using a Novel Laser-Heating Technique

Thermochemical Characterization of Bio- and Petro-diesel Fuels Using a Novel Laser-Heating Technique

New Certified Rapeseed-Based Biodiesel Reference Material for Effective Biodiesel Testing

Validation of a GC–IDMS method for the metrologically traceable quantification of selected FAMEs in biodiesel

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