The Biorefinery Concept

Clark, James H.; Deswarte, Fabien E. I.

doi:10.1002/9781118714478.ch1

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Large abundances of unsaturated fatty acids as well as phytosterols were detected in the wax (1466.7 ± 83.8 and 1358.6 ± 44.3 μg/g of plant respectively) which have significant nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties as well as lowering LDL-cholesterol levels [ 26 , 36 , 37 ]. Unsaturated fatty acids are also very useful platform molecules generating a wide variety of other chemicals [ 38 ]. The high abundance of these molecules is consistent with previous studies on maize stover wax extraction [ 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Assessment of Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Waxes as Part of a Maize Stover Biorefinery

Attard

McElroy

Hunt

2015

IJMS

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To date limited work has focused on assessing the economic viability of scCO2 extraction to obtain waxes as part of a biorefinery. This work estimates the economic costs for wax extraction from maize stover. The cost of manufacture (COM) for maize stover wax extraction was found to be €88.89 per kg of wax, with the fixed capital investment (FCI) and utility costs (CUT) contributing significantly to the COM. However, this value is based solely on scCO2 extraction of waxes and does not take into account the downstream processing of the biomass following extraction. The cost of extracting wax from maize stover can be reduced by utilizing pelletized leaves and combusting the residual biomass to generate electricity. This would lead to an overall cost of €10.87 per kg of wax (based on 27% combustion efficiency for electricity generation) and €4.56 per kg of wax (based on 43% combustion efficiency for electricity generation). A sensitivity analysis study showed that utility costs (cost of electricity) had the greatest effect on the COM.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Assessment of Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Waxes as Part of a Maize Stover Biorefinery

Attard

McElroy

Hunt

2015

IJMS

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“…The process is usually done in a furnace at temperatures as high as 800 °C [ 7 ]. The limitation of this process is that the energy produced must be applied directly, whether for electricity generation or water heating [ 177 ]. However, the simplicity of this process also makes it more advantageous for large-scale operation.…”

Section: Conversion Of Microalgae To Biofuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Holistic Approach to Managing Microalgae for Biofuel Applications

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Tang

Nagarajan

et al. 2017

IJMS

124

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Microalgae contribute up to 60% of the oxygen content in the Earth’s atmosphere by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen during photosynthesis. Microalgae are abundantly available in the natural environment, thanks to their ability to survive and grow rapidly under harsh and inhospitable conditions. Microalgal cultivation is environmentally friendly because the microalgal biomass can be utilized for the productions of biofuels, food and feed supplements, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. The cultivation of microalgal also can complement approaches like carbon dioxide sequestration and bioremediation of wastewaters, thereby addressing the serious environmental concerns. This review focuses on the factors affecting microalgal cultures, techniques adapted to obtain high-density microalgal cultures in photobioreactors, and the conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels. The applications of microalgae in carbon dioxide sequestration and phycoremediation of wastewater are also discussed.

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“…This will increase the chemical/monetary value gained from the original feedstock and decrease the energy requirement of pre-treatment. 11 We recently reported that, while inaccessible to bioconversion, given the correct processing conditions, the un-utilised polysaccharides found in these materials could be a rich source of highly valuable chemicals, in particular levoglucosenone. 12 Levoglucosenone (LGO) has recently been rated as one of the top 10 platform chemicals with considerable potential for making important chemical products, including the new the green commercial solvent cyrene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%