The Bionomics and Relative Prevalence of Anopheles Species with Respect to the Transmission of Plasmodium to Man in Western Ethiopia1

Krafsur, E. S.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/14.2.180

Cited by 44 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…funestus, the principal malaria vectors in Kericho (39, 40), spend time feeding and resting indoors (41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46). Other studies suggest a tendency for outdoor biting and resting, or no clear preference between environments (43,45,47,48). In addition, the ability of anopheline mosquitoes to maintain steady-body temperatures by behavioral thermoregulation is limited (49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the link between malaria risk and climate

Paaijmans

Read

Thomas

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

368

373

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The incubation period for malaria parasites within the mosquito is exquisitely temperature-sensitive, so that temperature is a major determinant of malaria risk. Epidemiological models are increasingly used to guide allocation of disease control resources and to assess the likely impact of climate change on global malaria burdens. Temperature-based malaria transmission is generally incorporated into these models using mean monthly temperatures,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the link between malaria risk and climate

Paaijmans

Read

Thomas

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

368

373

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“…An estimate of the degree of endophagy and endophagy can be obtained when the relative proportions of the mosquitoes attempting to bite indoors and outdoors were compared (Krafsur 1977). It is evident from the collections made that more than 90% were biting outdoors and thus A.…”

Section: The Biting Behaviour Of a Subalbatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhythms in the biting behaviour of a mosquito Armigeres subalbatus

Pandian

Chandrashekaran

1980

Oecologia

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Summary. The biting cycle of Armigeres subalbatus is distinctly crepuscular, exhibiting two peaks of activity, a smaller one at dawn and a larger one at dusk. The biting cycle is entrained to natural light-dark cycles and the time interval from dawn to dawn or dusk to dusk peaks is exactly 24 h and from dawn to dusk or dusk to dawn is about 12 h measured at 50% level. This rhythm manifests itself day after day without any marked qualitative change.The rate of change of light intensity may determine the onset of crepuscular biting. The sudden increase (up to ca. 17 lx) or decrease (down to ca. 4 lx) in the intensity of ambient light at the time of sunrise or sunset coincides with the peak of the biting activity.The density of the population of the host-seeking females fluctuates in relation to the phases of the moon, increasing with the full moon phase and decreasing with the new moon phase.Even though the density of the population is greater outdoors than indoors both at ground level and in the first floor, the peak of activity occurs at the same time in all the places. A vertical stratification of biting activity was also noticed.

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“…In human bait collections in India the biting cycle was exactly the same whether catches were performed in houses or out of doors (Pandian & Chandrashekaran, 1980). Similarly Krafsur (1977) reported that endophagic and exophagic Anopheles in Ethiopia had similar biting cycles. McClelland (1960) found that in coastal Kenya the indoor biting cycle of Aedes aegypti exhibited no pronounced peaks, although in Uganda an outdoor biting popUlation showed pronounced peaks in biting (McClelland, 1959).…”

Section: Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In Ethiopia Krafsur (1977) employed two people to collect mosquitoes attempting to bite a sleeping person inside a house from 1800-0700 hr. He compared the numbers of Anopheles caught biting per man-hour inside and outside houses, and also estimated the biting rate deduced from pyrethrum spray-sheet collections in houses.…”

Section: Location Of Bait Catchesmentioning

confidence: 99%