The Bionomics and Control of <i>Culicoides</i> and <i>Leptoconops</i> (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae = Heleidae)

Kettle, D. S.

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.07.010162.002153

Cited by 61 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…In addition to host preference, the parts of host bodies attacked may differ among Culicoides species (Kettle, 1962;Nielsen, 1971;Viennet et al, 2013;Ayllón et al, 2014), especially due to variations in hair density and skin temperature. For example, C. obsoletus seems to feed preferentially on the belly regions of cattle and sheep (Nielsen, 1971;Schmidtmann et al, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some Culicoides species are autogenous, the females of most species require a blood meal to facilitate egg maturation (Kettle, 1962;Glukhova and Dubrovskaia, 1972;Mellor et al, 2000). In general, many hematophagous species (such as mosquitoes and Culicoides) prefer a specific host on which they will feed (Kettle, 1962;Bartsch et al, 2009;Votypka et al, 2009;Lassen et al, 2012;Viennet et al, 2013), although some species are known to be generalists (Blackwell et al, 1994). Some Culicoides species, however, exhibit opportunistic feeding behaviour with respect to host distribution and density (Kettle, 1977;Garros et al, 2011;Lassen et al, 2011Lassen et al, , 2012Calvo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orientation behaviour of Culicoides obsoletus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), a relevant virus vector in northern Europe, toward host-associated odorant cues

Zimmer

Verheggen

Haubruge

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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a b s t r a c tSome Culicoides biting midge species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are biological virus vectors worldwide and have recently been associated with outbreaks of important epizootic diseases such as bluetongue and Schmallenberg in northern Europe. These diseases, which affect domestic and wild ruminants, have caused considerable economic losses. Knowledge of host preferences of these biting midges -especially of the relevant vectors of arboviruses near farms, such as Culicoides obsoletus in northern Europe -is essential to understand pathogen transmission cycles and the epidemiology of associated diseases. This study aimed to determine host preferences of C. obsoletus using an in-field flight tunnel containing pairs of calf, sheep, chicken, and human hosts (and controls) and a laboratory two-choice bioassay containing volatile extracts of host skin (and controls). Behavioural responses of nulliparous C. obsoletus females in the in-field flight tunnel showed a preference for human (but also calf and sheep) hosts, probably due to their exhalation of greater quantities of carbon dioxide. The laboratory experiment revealed that volatile organic compounds released from the skin of chicken and sheep seemed to attract this species. Culicoides obsoletus, thus, seems to have a wide host range and to be particularly attracted by humans under field conditions. A better understanding of vector-host interaction could enable the development of control strategies against adult biting midges, by exploiting insect-repelling or -attractive semiochemicals. Volatile extracts of chicken and/or sheep skin could be used to identify volatile compounds attractive to C. obsoletus, which in turn could be used in baited traps.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation behaviour of Culicoides obsoletus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), a relevant virus vector in northern Europe, toward host-associated odorant cues

Zimmer

Verheggen

Haubruge

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Females that did not make an active choice, i.e., remained in the stem of the Y tube, were considered non-responders and were excluded from further analysis. Assays were performed between 8:00 and 10:00, i.e., at the hostseeking activity peak at dawn (Kettle 1962). Ten repetitions per compound and dose were performed.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Cattle-Derived Volatiles that Modulate the Behavioral Response of the Biting Midge Culicoides nubeculosus

et al. 2015

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Identification of host-derived volatiles is an important step towards the development of novel surveillance and control tools for Culicoides biting midges. In this study, we identified compounds from headspace collections of cattle hair and urine that modulate the behavioral response of Culicoides nubeculosus, a research model species with a similar hostrange as the vectors of Bluetongue disease and Schmallenberg disease in Europe. Combined gas chromatography and electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis revealed 23 bioactive compounds, of which 17, together with octanal, were evaluated in a two-choice behavioral assay in the presence of CO2. Decanal, 2-phenylethanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-ethylhexanol, 3-methylindole, phenol, and 3-ethylphenol elicited attraction of host seeking C. nubeculosus, whereas heptanal, octanal, nonanal, 3-propylphenol, and 4-action to CO2, when compared to CO2 alone. 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 3-methylphenol, 4-methylphenol, and 4-ethylphenol elicited both attraction and inhibition. The behavioral responses were dependent on the concentration tested. Our results show that cattle-derived odors have the potential to be used for the manipulation of the behavior of Culicoides biting midges.

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“…This recent finding is an important new epidemiological event, because previously most BT outbreaks were linked to C. imicola. Culicoides dewulfi has been reported throughout the Palaearctic area (52,105). This indicates that the disease could now remain in the rest of Europe where cattle and horses are kept (C. dewulfi is known to breed in cattle dung and horse dung), with the risk of more cases of orbiviral diseases such as BT occurring during the following spring when the vector activity is high (58).…”

Section: Emergency Situationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory issues surrounding the temporary authorisation of animal vaccination in emergency situations: the example of bluetongue in Europe

Saegerman¹,

Hubaux²,

Urbain³

et al. 2007

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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SummaryA marketing authorisation for a veterinary vaccine is granted after the quality, safety and efficacy of the product have been assessed in accordance with legal standards. The assessment includes complete characterisation and identification of seed material and ingredients, laboratory and host animal safety and efficacy studies, stability studies, and post-licensing monitoring of field performance. This assessment may not be possible during the emergence of a new animal disease, but several mechanisms exist to allow for the availability of products in an emergency animal health situation, e.g. autogenous biologics, conditional licences, experimental and emergency use authorisations, the importation of products in use elsewhere in the world and pre-approved vaccine banks. Using the emergence of bluetongue in northern Europe as an example, the regulatory issues regarding the temporary authorisation of animal vaccination are described. Several conditions must be fulfilled before a temporary authorisation can be granted, e.g. inactivated vaccines should be used in order to exclude reversion to virulence and reassortment between vaccine viruses and/or field strains of the bluetongue virus; decision-making must be supported by scientific evidence and risk analysis; there must be a complete census of the susceptible animals that were vaccinated; vaccination protocols must be adhered to and there must be a scheme allowing for registration, delivery and follow-up of vaccination, and monitoring, analysis and, possibly, adjustment of field use of the vaccination. This temporary authorisation must be replaced by a full authorisation as quickly as possible.

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The Bionomics and Control of Culicoides and Leptoconops (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae = Heleidae)

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Orientation behaviour of Culicoides obsoletus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), a relevant virus vector in northern Europe, toward host-associated odorant cues

Orientation behaviour of Culicoides obsoletus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), a relevant virus vector in northern Europe, toward host-associated odorant cues

Identification of Cattle-Derived Volatiles that Modulate the Behavioral Response of the Biting Midge Culicoides nubeculosus

Regulatory issues surrounding the temporary authorisation of animal vaccination in emergency situations: the example of bluetongue in Europe

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