The biology of the leaf mark polymorphism in Trifolium repens L.

Cahn, M.G.; Harper, John L.

doi:10.1038/hdy.1976.95

Cited by 57 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Although the range in branching frequencies recorded here is in accord with values reported for T. repens, both in the field (Beinhart et al 1963;Hay et al 1991;) and greenhouse (Shivji and Turkington 1989;Turkington and Klein 1991), its magnitude (as indicated by the significance level) differed across the four clones. Variation in branching among genets from within a given field population has been documented previously (Cahn and Harper 1976;Burdon 1980;Sackville Hamilton 1982;Bülow-Olsen et al 1984). Low branching frequencies produce a "guerilla" growth form (Clegg 1978) with loosely distributed ramets that tend to spread rapidly, thereby increasing the range of microenvironments encountered within the field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Morphological plasticity of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in response to spatial and temporal resource heterogeneity

2002

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Heterogeneity in resource distribution has been an important selective force shaping morphological plasticity in plants. When resources are patchily distributed, changes in morphology are assumed to affect placement of the resource-acquiring structures (roots and leaves) such that they enhance the plant's capacity for resource uptake. Morphological development of four white clover (Trifolium repens) genets was studied in two glasshouse experiments. In the spatial experiment, two substrates (potting soil and sand) were used to create the following discrete patch combinations, sand-sand, soil-sand, sand-soil, and soil-soil. Stolons grew across each combination and consecutive ramets from a given stolon permitted rooting in each substrate pair. In the temporal experiment, the two ramets were first rooted in sand only. After a predetermined period, the sand was replaced and the same substrate combinations created as in the spatial experiment. In each experiment, total developmental time within a given substrate combination was held constant. All measurements were conducted on the second (i.e., younger) of the ramet pairs. In the spatial experiment, ramets rooted in soil had significantly greater branching frequencies than ramets rooted in the sand substrate, regardless of genotype or the preceding substrate type. Ramets occupying the sand-sand combination had the lowest branching frequencies but branch production for the ramet rooted in sand was higher if the preceding ramet was rooted in soil. The substrate occupied by a preceding ramet had no influence upon branching propensity if a ramet was rooted in soil. There were no significant differences in branching frequencies between the sand and soil substrates in the temporal experiment. The relationship between branching and substrate thus depended upon whether a ramet was exposed to a given substrate type during its early development. In both experiments, branched ramets in the soil-soil combinations had significantly greater shoot mass than corresponding ramets in the sand-sand combinations. Internode length was significantly shorter in the soil versus sand combinations of the spatial experiment but was unaffected by substrate in the temporal experiment. Leaf area and stolon width showed significant genotype×treatment interactions in both experiments but no consistent trends were evident; petiole length was unaffected by substrate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Morphological plasticity of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in response to spatial and temporal resource heterogeneity

2002

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“…This should apply if the costs due to herbivory for the genotype, dominant in the absence of herbivory, exceed those for the genotype inferior in the absence of herbivory (Cahn and Harper 1976;Augner et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Choice of voles among genotypes of birch seedlings: its relationship with seedling quality and preference of insects

et al. 2002

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Selective feeding by herbivores on establishing seedlings has been suggested to affect genotype frequencies in several plant populations. The existence of genotypes susceptible to herbivores calls for an explanation in such populations. In the present study we assessed the choice of multiple herbivores, field voles (Microtus agrestis) and insects, among genotypes of silver birch (Betula pendula) representing variation occurring in a naturally regenerated stand. We examined how food choice of voles and insects is related to each other, competitive ability among the seedling genotypes and variation in soil fertility. We set up a field experiment and randomly assigned seedling populations, composed of mixed genotypes, to fully crossed insect exposure and fertilization treatments. After the first growing season we exposed a half of the seedling populations to vole herbivory. Voles selected clearly among the genotypes: they preferred the fastest growing seedlings as well as those with a low density of resin droplets on their stems. The preference of voles and insects among the genotypes was tightly correlated. We conclude that the effects of herbivory compensate those of intraspecific competition in this system and thus favor coexistence of genotypes differing in their susceptibility to herbivores.

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“…This would inevitably lead to an increase in the frequency of certain gene combinations . Conversely, a balanced polymorphism of genotypes may be maintained, as has been shown from the study of leaf mark polymorphisms in white clover, Trifolium repens (Cahn & Harper, 1976) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Isozyme polymorphism in Festuca rubraL.

Livesey

Norrington-Davies

1991

Euphytica

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Six Festuca rubra populations from Europe and Scandinavia were studied for variation at three isozyme loci ; phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI-2), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT-3) and superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) . Seven alleles were found at the Pgi-2 locus, four at the Got-3 locus and five at the Sod-1 locus . Most plants were heterozygous and up to five alleles were found in the same plant at the Pgi-2 locus . Each population could be distinguished by the presence or absence of certain alleles or by differences in the frequencies of the alleles present . Values for the Shannon diversity index were calculated which showed that there was considerable heterogeneity both within and between loci . In general, 53 % of this diversity could be attributed to within population variation .

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The biology of the leaf mark polymorphism in Trifolium repens L.

Cited by 57 publications

References 12 publications

Morphological plasticity of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in response to spatial and temporal resource heterogeneity

Morphological plasticity of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in response to spatial and temporal resource heterogeneity

Choice of voles among genotypes of birch seedlings: its relationship with seedling quality and preference of insects

Isozyme polymorphism in Festuca rubraL.

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