The Biology of the American Cockroach

Gould, George E.; Deay, H. O.

doi:10.1093/aesa/31.4.489

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Based on the parasitism rate and number of released females per number of parasitized sentinel oothecae reported in our study, it is suggested that large number of A. hagenowii is needed to be released to effectively reduce cockroach populations. Because of limitation on mass-production of P. americana oothecae [P. americana female produces an average of one ootheca every 6 d in its life time and two oothecae during its peak reproductive period (Gould andDeay 1938, Roth andWillis 1956)] and unavailability of artiÞcial diets for mass-rearing A. hagenowii, periodic releases of A. hagenowii through a limited number of laboratory-parasitized P. americana oothecae alone may not sufÞcient to reduce cockroach populations. Several studies demonstrated that target-speciÞc insecticide baits applied outdoors and in sewers can effectively control cockroaches (Smith et al 1998, Reierson et al 2005) while a few studies reported that combined usage of insecticide baits and A. hagenowii did not have a detrimental effect on this wasp (Hagenbuch et al 1989, Bell et al 1998.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) for the Control of American Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) in Sewers and Crevices Around Buildings

2011

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of Aprostocetus hagenowii (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to control American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae), in sewer manholes and in crevices around buildings. Parasitoids were released weekly for 12 wk from laboratory parasitized heat-killed oothecae, and parasitism monitored using sentinel oothecae of American cockroaches. In addition, preference of A. hagenowii for 1- to 4-wk-old oothecae was evaluated in the laboratory. A. hagenowii females showed no preference for any ootheca age. Twenty of the 30 tested females parasitized one ootheca, whereas the other 10 parasitized two oothecae. The total progeny (males, females, and total) that emerged from a single ootheca parasitized by a female was not significantly different to the total progeny that emerged from two oothecae parasitized by a female. The number of males, females, and total progeny that emerged from the second parasitized ootheca was significantly less than the number that emerged from the first parasitized ootheca. The weekly mean sentinel oothecal parasitism rate in wall crevices was 18.1 +/- 3.2% and in sewer manholes was 13.3 +/- 2.0%. The mean number of released A. hagenowii females per number of parasitized sentinel oothecae recorded in crevices was 189 +/- 18, whereas it was 428 +/- 50 in sewers. A. hagenowii females were more effective at parasitizing sentinel oothecae placed at high and middle levels in manholes than at a low level when releases were made at the midpoint of the manhole shaft.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) for the Control of American Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) in Sewers and Crevices Around Buildings

2011

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“…Finally, several works report widely disparate life history parameters in P. americana (see Roth 1981). Some of these differences can probably be explained by the diversity of the diets, which include potato cubes, raw meat, apples, and bananas, as well as various dog foods and lab diets (Gould & Deay 1938, Rau 1940, Geir 1947, Willis et al 1958, Kunkel 1966.…”

Section: Food Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Development and Reproduction of the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blatlellidae) on Three Laboratory Diets

Cooper

Schal

1992

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Development of nymphs and oocyte maturation in adults were examined in Blattella germanica (L.) reared on three commercial diets. Nymphs fed rat food developed significantly faster than nymphs fed two commercial dog foods. Similarly, oocytes matured more quickly in adult females that were raised on rat food than in females raised on dog food. Nymphal development and oocyte maturation were slower in insects that were fed whole dog food pellets than in insects fed ground dog food, suggesting that grinding the diet diminishes a mechanical barrier in whole dog food pellets. Comparisons of processed canine food and unprocessed canine food indicated that diets were significantly inferior after the steam extrusion process. Rat food is normally not subjected to such conditions and both processed and unprocessed rat food are equally suitable for B. germanica. The significance and implications for comparative studies with cockroaches are discussed.

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“…Measuring the head capsule of the shed exuviae is a common method of obtaining measurements without handling the insect (Moser et al 1991, Chen and Seybold 2013). However, some insects eat their exuviae after molting (Mira 2000, Raubenheimer and Barton Browne 2000); this behavior has been observed in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), as a factor hindering instar determination (Gould and Deay 1938, Griffiths and Tauber 1942). In development experiments, insects generally should not be handled or anesthetized to avoid altering growth (Tanaka 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Instar Determination of Blattella asahinai (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) From Digital Measurements of the Pronotum Using Gaussian Mixture Modeling and the Number of Cercal Annuli

Peterson

Appel

2019

Journal of Insect Science

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The Asian cockroach, Blattella asahinai Mizukubo, has expanded its range throughout the southeastern United States since its introduction into Florida. Unlike its closest relative, the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), B. asahinai lives outdoors and can fly. There is little information on the biology and development of B. asahinai, including the number of instars during nymphal development. To estimate the number of instars of B. asahinai, nymphs were photographed, sexed, and the lengths and widths of their pronota were measured digitally. The number of instars of B. asahinai was estimated using Gaussian mixture models with the pronotal data. The most probable model and its clusters were selected to assign individuals to an instar. Instars were also determined by counting the number of cercal annuli of nymphs. Both clustering and cercal annuli indicated that B. asahinai most frequently had six instars when reared at 30°C. Growth did not strictly follow the Brooks-Dyar Rule, because nymphs had different numbers of instars and different growth patterns. Although Gaussian mixture models are not efficient for field sampling experiments, digital measurements may provide a way to estimate instars with live specimens in development studies without handling the animals in a way that may alter growth.

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The Biology of the American Cockroach

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) for the Control of American Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) in Sewers and Crevices Around Buildings

Evaluation of Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) for the Control of American Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) in Sewers and Crevices Around Buildings

Differential Development and Reproduction of the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blatlellidae) on Three Laboratory Diets

Instar Determination of Blattella asahinai (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) From Digital Measurements of the Pronotum Using Gaussian Mixture Modeling and the Number of Cercal Annuli

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