The Biology of Pseudocalanus Minutus in the Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy

Fish, Charles J.

doi:10.2307/1537467

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Feeding habits of marine cyclopoids are still poorly known. This is unfortunate since cyclopoids are among the most abundant metazoan plankters (FISH, 1936;PAFFENHOFER, 1980PAFFENHOFER, , 1983PAFFENHOFER, , 1985TREMBLAY & ROFF, 1983;TURNER & DAGG, 1983) and are frequent prey of larval fish (COHEN & LOUGH, 1983;GOVONI er al., 1983;KANE, 1984; TURNER, 1984 a and references therein).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zooplankton Feeding Ecology: Contents of Fecal Pellets of the Cyclopoid Copepods Oncaea venusta, Corycaeus amazonicus, Oithona plumifera, and O. simplex from the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Turner

1986

Marine Ecology

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Abstract. In situ feeding habits of the cyclopoid copepods Oncaea venusta, Corycaeus amazonicus, Oithona plumifera, and O. simplex were investigated by scanning electron microscope examination of fecal pellets, the contents of which reflected copepod gut contents upon capture. Peilet contents were compared with assemblages of phytoplankton present in surface waters at times of copepod collection. All samples were from the northern Gulf of Mexico. All four copepods fed upon phytoplankton and O. venusta also ingested other crustaceans. Dominant components of fecal pellets generally did not mirror those of available phytoplankton assemblages. In some cases, O. venusta ingested primarily larger‐sized particles even when these were not most abundant, and in other cases it did not ingest large cells even when they were present in bloom concentrations. The presence of small (< 2–5 urn diameter) centric diatoms in O. venusta pellets suggests the possibility of feeding by mechanisms other than suspension or raptorial feeding. Limited observations suggest that C. amazonicus and O. plumifera may feed raptorially on larger particles even when these are not particularly abundant, and that the small O. simplex (< 500 nm total length) feeds mainly upon nanoplankton. It appears that cyclopoid feeding mechanisms are complex, and likely more so than those of many calanoids.

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confidence: 99%

Zooplankton Feeding Ecology: Contents of Fecal Pellets of the Cyclopoid Copepods Oncaea venusta, Corycaeus amazonicus, Oithona plumifera, and O. simplex from the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Turner

1986

Marine Ecology

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“…Desert where the first evidence of local production was found in late May and June. As in the outer region, and corresponding to Calanus finmarchicus , Pseudocalanus minutus (Fish, 1936 b) and Oithona similis , a progressive delay to the eastward in the time of spawning was evident in the inner coastal area after the species had become established there in 1932. This is indicated in Fig.…”

Section: Production and Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Papers in marine biology and oceanography, dedicated to Henry Bryant Bigelow by his former students and associates on the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1955.

1955

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Damage to fish food species trawled over in the main area of the North Sea plaice, cannot be serious; otherwise there would be a noticeable diflFcrence where trawling is impossible, as close to light vessels or among the under-water sand dunes.Direct attack, covering the ground some five or six times over on the average, did break full-grown Heart Urchins, Echinocardium cordatum, and possibly swimming or paddlcr crabs (Portunus dcpuraior), but appeared not to damage Ophiura albida, nor any of the fragile-shelled plaice food animals: razor shells, Mactra or Tellina. Those forms were not very abundant, but all the 15 specimens taken of fragile animals (other than urchins and paddlers) were undamaged. Such large urchins as were damaged were not plaice food. Doubtless Sabellaria habitations (ross) would be broken and laid low, but they would probably soon be reconstructed.Trawling, even with a tickler chain, seems again to escape the so viable indictment.

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“…minutus is a northern species, widely distributed in the North Atlantie region (Bigelow, 1926). It can occur in the Gulf of Maine throughout the year; however, it has been reported te disappear from the neritic zone south of Cape Cod during the summer months (Fish, 1936).…”

Section: Pseudoealanus Minutus (Kryer)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Free Amino Acids in Copepod Populations

Alzara¹

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The distribution of free amino acids (FAA) in natural eopepod populations was studied in six copepods. The species studied included Diaptomus sp. , Eurytemora affinis, Aeartia tonsa, Acartia clausi, Pseudoealanus minutus, and Calanus fimnarchieus. All six species were collected from Rhode Island and neighboring waters at times of abundance. Collectively, they represent a chain of species populations that span a salinity gradient from fresh water (Diaptomus sp.) to the oceanic environment (Calanus finmarchicus). Each member of this chain has a higher optimum salinity for propagation. FAA were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography. Nineteen common FAA were present in all the species, with the exception of Eurytemora affinis, which had no free histidine. Both the fresh and brackish water copepods, Diaptomus sp. and~• affinis, were characterized by the predominance of alanine. In addition, the basic amino acids, arginine and lysine, constituted a large fraction of the total free amino acid content in the Diaptomus sp. Glycine was the most abundant FAA in the higher salinity species-~~!• tonsa, !• clausi, f.• minutus, and f• finmarchieus. Proline, alanine, taurine, glutamie acid, arginine, lysine, and threonine were also abundant. Collectively, these eight FAA constituted over 60% of the total FAA content in all the species studied. Optimum salinities for the six s~e;es plotted against the respective FAA concentrations of glycine, ta.urine, proline, arginine, alanine, and glutamie acid resulted in a curvilinear relationship. The-i-optimum salinity-total FAA relationship was also curvilinear. The fresh water copepod Diaptomus sp. ha.d the lowest total FAA levels of all the siX species. Increasingly higher total FAA concentrations occurred in !• affinis, !• tonsa, !• clausi, and P. minutus, speeies with successively higher optimum salinities. Thus, a linear relationship between increasing optimum salinities and FAA concentrations in the corresponding species was obtained, with the highest FAA levels occurring in !• clausi and!:• minutus. Howev~r, in the last species in the chain c. finmarchiwhich is oceanic and has the highest opt:imum salinity, the total FAA level was actually less than in f.. minutus and A. elausi. As a result, the relationship dropped off and became curvilinear. The congenerie species in Narragansett Bay-A. tonsa and !• clausi-differed not only in their concentrations of taurine, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine but also in their total FAA concentrations. Aeartia tonsa had lower levels of these FAA (as well as lower total FAA) than!• clausi. This further _ supports the speculations of Jeffries (1962b) and Lance (1965) that !• tonsa is a more efficient osmoregulator than its congener. The ecological significance of this relationship was considered in tenns of: (1) adaptation of FAA levels to a specific salinity range, in accordance with the osmoregulatory demands of the particular environment; (2) the time period of adaptation to the respective environment; and (3) other variables such as food, t...

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The Biology of Pseudocalanus Minutus in the Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Zooplankton Feeding Ecology: Contents of Fecal Pellets of the Cyclopoid Copepods Oncaea venusta, Corycaeus amazonicus, Oithona plumifera, and O. simplex from the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Zooplankton Feeding Ecology: Contents of Fecal Pellets of the Cyclopoid Copepods Oncaea venusta, Corycaeus amazonicus, Oithona plumifera, and O. simplex from the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Papers in marine biology and oceanography, dedicated to Henry Bryant Bigelow by his former students and associates on the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1955.

A Survey of Free Amino Acids in Copepod Populations

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