Phytoplankton primary production and copepod production, and the size composition of the phytoplankton community in Tolo Harbour, a semi-enclosed bay in north-eastern Hong Kong, were studied from February 2008 to March 2009. Chlorophyll-a (Chl a) concentrations decreased from an average of 9.07 mg l 21 in the inner part of the bay to 3.07 mg l 21 at the mouth of the bay. In terms of contribution to total Chl a biomass, the .20 mm size fraction dominated the phytoplankton community. The zooplankton community in Tolo Harbour was dominated by small copepods, with cephalothorax length ranging from~0.3 to 0.4 mm, and the density of copepods decreased from~15,000 ind.m 23 in the inner part of the bay tõ 9,700 ind.m 23 at the mouth of the bay. Depth-integrated net primary production in Tolo Harbour was high, ranging from 0.34 to 10.40 g C m 22 day 21 , with an overall mean of 2.64 g C m 22 day 21 . In contrast, copepod production was low, ranging from 0.19 to 16.64 mg C m 23 day 21 , with an overall mean of 2.73 mg C m 23 day 21 . The low transfer efficiency of 1.4% between phytoplankton primary production and copepod secondary production suggests that the large phytoplankton was inefficiently grazed by the small copepods in Tolo Harbour.