The biology of mycorrhiza in the Ericaceae XI. The distribution of nitrogen in soil of a typical upland <i>Callunetum</i> with special reference to the ‘free’ amino acids

Abuarghub, S. M.; Read, David

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1988.tb04183.x

Cited by 49 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A variety of solvents have been used to extract amino acids from soils, including water, ethanol, ammonium acetate, barium hydroxide, and sulfuric acid. Reported values fall in the range of 0.04-24 µg N g -1 soil (Abuarghub and Read 1988;Kielland 1995;Lipson et al 1999b;Matsumoto et al 1999;Schmidt and Stewart 1999). Amino acids in lysimeter samples of soil pore water have been detected in several environments at concentrations up to 158 µmol l -1 (Raab et al 1996(Raab et al , 1999.…”

Section: Forms Of On In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A wide variety of free amino acids are found in soil extracts and pore water. Aspartate, glutamate, and glycine commonly dominate the amino acid profile (Kielland 1995;Raab et al 1996Raab et al , 1999Turnbull et al 1996), although the basic amino acids lysine (Paul and Schmidt 1961), arginine (Kielland 1995;Schmidt and Stewart 1999), and histidine (Abuarghub and Read 1988), and neutral amino acids such as alanine, serine, asparagine, glutamine and leucine (Abuarghub and Read 1988;Kielland 1995;Turnbull et al 1996;Schmidt and Stewart 1999) are sometimes present in relatively high concentrations. The recovery of amino acids in soil extracts depends on the solvent used.…”

Section: Forms Of On In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The unexpected versatility of plants: organic nitrogen use and availability in terrestrial ecosystems

2001

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The recently recognized importance of organic nitrogen (ON), particularly amino acids, to plant nutrition in many types of agricultural and natural ecosystems has raised questions about plant-microbe interactions, N availability in soils, and the ecological implications of ON use by plants in the light of climate change and N pollution. In this review we synthesize the recent work on availability and plant uptake of amino acids with classic work on ON in soils. We also discuss recent work on the use of natural abundance levels of (15)N to infer N sources for plants. Reliance on ON is widespread among plants from many ecosystems. Authors have reached this conclusion based on laboratory studies of amino acid uptake by plants in pure culture, amino acid concentrations in soils, plant uptake of isotopically labeled amino acids in the field and in plant-soil microcosms, and from plant natural abundance values of (15)N. The supply of amino acids to plants is determined mainly by the action of soil proteolytic enzymes, interactions between amino acids and the soil matrix, and competition between plants and microbes. Plants generally compete for a minor fraction of the total amino acid flux, but in some cases this forms a significant N resource, especially in ecosystems where microbial biomass undergoes large seasonal fluctuations and contributes labile ON to the soil. A quantitative understanding of ON use by plants is confounded by incomplete data on partitioning of ON between plants, mycorrhizal fungi, and competing soil microbes. Further research is needed to predict the ecological implications of ON use by plants given the influence of climatic change and N pollution.

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Section: Forms Of On In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Forms Of On In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The unexpected versatility of plants: organic nitrogen use and availability in terrestrial ecosystems

2001

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“…1996). In temperate and arctic heathlands free amino acids in the soil exceeded inorganic soil nitrogen (Marion & Miller 1982;Abuarghub & Read 1988a;Kielland 1990cited in Chapin et al 1993, suggesting that ammonification may be higher in the wallum compared to colder-climate heathlands. Nitrification, however, appears to be generally low in heathlands irrespective of the climate.…”

Section: Discussion ;-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of nitrogen relations in temperate and arctic heathlands have stressed the importance of organic forms of nitrogen for plant nutrition (Stribley & Read 1980;Abuarghub & Read 1988a;Chapin, Moilanen & Kielland 1993;Kielland 1994). Low temperatures and low soil pH prevail in many heathland systems of higher latitudes and altitudes, conditions which restrain ammonification and even more so nitrification (Hamisen & Kohlenbrander 1965;Morril & Dawson 1967;Atkin 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

Waterlogging and fire impacts on nitrogen availability and utilization in a subtropical wet heathland (wallum)

Schmidt

Stewart

1997

Plant Cell & Environment

121

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Protein, amino acids and ammonium were the main forms of soluble soil nitrogen in the soil solution of a subtropical heathland (wallum). After fire, soil ammonium and nitrate increased 90-and 60-fold, respectively. Despite this increase in nitrate availability after fire, wallum species exhibited uniformly low nitrate rednctase activities and low leaf and xylem nitrate. During waterlogging soil amino acids increased, particularly 7-aminobutyric acid (GAB A) which accounted for over 50% of amino nitrogen. Non-mycorrhizal wallum species were significantly (P < 0-05) '^N-enriched (0-3-4-3%c) compared to species with mycorrhizal associations (ericoid-type, ecto-, va-mycorrhizal) which were strongly depleted in '^N (-6-3 to -l-8%c). Lignotubers and roots had 5*^N signatures similar to that of the leaves of respective species. The exceptions were fine roots of ecto-, ecto/va-, and ericoid type mycorrhizal species which were enriched in 'N (0-l-2-4%c). The 5'^N signatures of 5'''N,«,3, ^oii N and 5'^Nsoii NH/ were in the range 3-7-4-5%c, whereas 5'^Nsoii NO, was significantly (P < 0-05) more enriched in *^N (9-2-9-8%c). It is proposed that there is discrimination against '^N during transfer of nitrogen from fungal to plant partner. Roots of selected species incorporated nitrogen sources in the order of preference: ammonium > glycine > nitrate. The exception were proteoid roots of Hatcea (Proteaceae) which incorporated equal amounts of glycine and ammonium.

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“…In the present study, the uptake of nitrogen, the nutrient element often limiting plant growth (Aerts and Chapin III 2000) was investigated in evergreen and deciduous plants and graminoids from a temperate heath ecosystem. In such ecosystems, ammonium and free amino acids such as glycine are the most abundant available nitrogen forms (Abuarghub and Read 1988;Kielland 1995) and the dominant plants readily take up these nitrogen forms (Kielland 1994). Here, the role of the vegetation in nitrogen cycling outside the growing season was investigated, by using isotopically labelled injected nitrogen as a tracer of nitrogen uptake and transport within the plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-season uptake of nitrogen in temperate heath vegetation

Andresen

Michelsen

2005

Oecologia

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In this field study we show that temperate coastal heath vegetation has a significant off-season uptake potential for nitrogen, both in the form of ammonium and as glycine, throughout winter. We injected 15N-ammonium and 15N 2x(13C)-glycine into the soil twice during winter and once at spring. The winter temperatures were similar to those of an average winter in the northern temperate region of Europe, with only few days of soil temperatures below zero or above 5 degrees C. The vegetation, consisting of the evergreen dwarf shrub Calluna vulgaris, the deciduous dwarf shrub Salix arenaria, and the graminoids Carex arenaria and Deschampsia flexuosa, showed high root uptake of both forms of nitrogen, both 1 day after labelling and after a month, in species specific temporal patterns. Plant uptake of 13C was not significant, providing no further evidence of intact uptake of glycine. Translocation of the labelled nitrogen to shoots was generally evident after 1 month and increased as spring approached, with different translocation strategies in the three plant functional types. Furthermore, only the graminoids showed shoot growth during winter. Increasing plant nitrogen concentration from fall to spring at temperate heaths may, hence, be due to nitrogen uptake. Our results suggest that the potential for nitrogen uptake in plants at winter is of the same order of magnitude as at summer. Hence, winter nitrogen uptake in ecosystems in the temperate/boreal region should be considered when making annual nitrogen budgets of heath ecosystems, and the view of plant nutrient uptake as low in this climatic region during winter should be revised.

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The biology of mycorrhiza in the Ericaceae XI. The distribution of nitrogen in soil of a typical upland Callunetum with special reference to the ‘free’ amino acids

Cited by 49 publications

References 20 publications

The unexpected versatility of plants: organic nitrogen use and availability in terrestrial ecosystems

The unexpected versatility of plants: organic nitrogen use and availability in terrestrial ecosystems

Waterlogging and fire impacts on nitrogen availability and utilization in a subtropical wet heathland (wallum)

Off-season uptake of nitrogen in temperate heath vegetation

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