The biology of <i>Littorina littorea</i>. Part II. Zonation in relation to other gastropods on stony and muddy shores

Moore, Hilary B.

doi:10.1017/s0025315400054539

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…is infrequent, so that Nucella too is infrequent. Moore (1938) states that Nucella extends to below low water, and it has been definitely recorded to below M.L.W.S.at Church Reef and Warren Point. Comparing Figs.…”

Section: Gibbulacineraria(lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the Breakwater, L. rudis was not taken below E.L.W.N., but on Queener Point specimens were found as low as M.L.W.S. +1 ft.; Moore (1940) also describes the lower limit of this species as variable.…”

Section: Mhwnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At Queener Point the species is entirely confined to the shelter of gulleys and channels. It was not taken at Tinside, and only a single specimen was discovered, after prolonged search, at Wilderness Point; Moore (1940) also records its absence from Rum Bay, which is another limestone area, yet on the Staddon Grits of Jennycliff Bay, a short distance away, Osilinus is quite common. The favourite habitat of the species is the same as it is in Cardigan Bay, i.e.…”

Section: A Littorina Littoreamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Cardigan Bay the species has been found to occupy a much wider range, from above M.H.W.N. to M.L.W.N., while Moore (1940) has described a similar range at Wembury. Fig.…”

Section: A Littorina Littoreamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Intertidal Ecology of Selected Localities in the Plymouth Neighbourhood

Evans

1947

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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The work includes an investigation of the intertidal distribution of several species previously studied in Cardigan Bay. Twelve localities in the neighbourhood of Plymouth were selected for study, showing a range from conditions of extreme exposure to surf action to conditions of maximum shelter. The main features of rock configuration and surf action at the different localities are briefly described.The method of investigation is described, and results obtained for the zonation of the fucoids on Church Reef are compared with the results of Colman (1933). It concluded that the method of survey adopted in the present work yields results of a high degree of accuracy.The horizontal and vertical distributions of the flora are described and related to the intensity of surf action. This is followed by a discussion of the effects of wave intensity and wave frequency on the distribution of algae in general. The importance of the frequency of wave shock in the mid-tidal region of the shore, and its influence on algal colonization, is stressed. An attempt is made to arrange the algae studied in order of decreasing tolerance of surf.The distribution of the selected species of animals at the different localities is described; and a discussion follows on the effect of wave action as a presence or absence factor in horizontal distribution, and as a modifying factor on vertical zonation. The effect of surf on the size of individuals of certain species is also commented upon.The relation of the plant and animal species to different percentage exposures to the air at different shore levels is discussed.

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Section: Gibbulacineraria(lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mhwnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Littorina Littoreamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Cardigan Bay the species has been found to occupy a much wider range, from above M.H.W.N. to M.L.W.N., while Moore (1940) has described a similar range at Wembury. Fig.…”

Section: A Littorina Littoreamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Intertidal Ecology of Selected Localities in the Plymouth Neighbourhood

Evans

1947

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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“…The intertidal communities of the rocky shores in and around Plymouth Sound have also been well studied with various surveys of individual species by Moore and colleagues in the 1930s (Moore, 1935a(Moore, ,b, 1938Moore and Kitching, 1939;Moore, 1940) and descriptions of zonation patterns by Evans (1947). Of particular note are the long-term observations of fluctuations in barnacles on the shores in and around Plymouth and the wider southwest by A.J.…”

Section: Biological Communities: Phytoplankton Fish and Benthosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plymouth — A World Harbour through the ages

Knights

Firth

Thompson

et al. 2016

Regional Studies in Marine Science

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Homing and ?ortsteue? (attachment to place) in Patella L. (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia)

Funke

1968

Oecologia

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It is known that numerous gastropods show homing ability. Many limpets return to well defined sites. Patella L. acquires a home spot also on the smooth glass surfaces of aquarium. Before leaving, the limpet scrapes its home, particularly the anterior part of the footprint. After each return it makes characteristic movements with its shell.When homing Patella nearly always retraces its outward track, at least in part; sometimes it reaches its home over the shortest route possible.Site and tracks are marked by chemical substances. The animal orientates itself by contact chemoreception on the track and by distance chemoreception when near its home. Apparently there also exists a kinesthetic mechanism of orientation based on a measurement of distance on the outward journey.At the home spot Patella always manoeuveres exactly into the same position. Often it has to turn or to glide around slightly. It finally settles down with small movements of its shell.The footprint shows chemical differences in a wide marginal zone. Probably, different chemoreceptors on the sole of the foot are associated to the various regions of the footprint.The chemical differentiation of the footprint has the same orientation-value for all individuals of the same size group. In addition there exists an individual marking, shown e.g. by avoidance reactions of alien animals.The individual specificity of the foot's secretum is particularly marked on the tracks, for each Patella follows its own trail only and thus normally reaches its own home. On an uneven substratum this is the only place where the margin of its shell fits the ground exactly.For establishing a home site and keeping to it, several environmental conditions have to be met. Patella settles only on surfaces overgrown with small algae. In an aquarium it favours the sides most exposed to light. On vertical walls the animal is gravity-oriented. Most limpets are attached head-end down. Patella is able to perceive the distance from the water-line, and may orient itself with respect to fixed objects in the aquarium by means of a "Ferntastsinn". When first choosing a home spot on an uneven substratum, the limpet often adjusts its position by turning movements, so that the contacts between shell and ground are as close as possible. Selective growth at the shell's margin then results in a perfect fit to the irregularities of the ground.All prerequisites for the establishment of a home site are also determining the animal's keeping to its home. If changes are introduced with respect to the fitting of the shell to the ground, to the position of neighbouring objects, to water-level, light, or direction of gravity, the animal may leave its home site and reorient itself in an equivalent new one. The attractiveness of the chemical markings of the old site nevertheless compete with all these conditions for some time.Rest and activity are controlled by light-dark and tidal cycles. - Inter-and intraspecific differences were obtained under experimental conditions. Almost all individuals were preferenti...

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The biology of Littorina littorea. Part II. Zonation in relation to other gastropods on stony and muddy shores

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

The Intertidal Ecology of Selected Localities in the Plymouth Neighbourhood

The Intertidal Ecology of Selected Localities in the Plymouth Neighbourhood

Plymouth — A World Harbour through the ages

Homing and ?ortsteue? (attachment to place) in Patella L. (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia)

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