The biology ofDendrocerus carpenteri(Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae), a parasite ofAphidiusspecies, and field observations ofDendrocerusspecies as hyperparasites ofAcyrthosiphonspecies

Walker, G.P.; Cameron, Peter J‎.

doi:10.1080/03014223.1981.10427979

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Females fed with a honey-water solution survive for well over 1 month in the laboratory; they can store an average of 15 eggs in the enlarged ovaries but, apparently, are unable to resorb eggs if deprived of hosts (Le Ralec 1991). Lifetime fecundity averages about 75 progeny (Walker and Cameron 1981). Mummies containing suitable hosts are accepted according to their availability but independent of mummy size and sex of the primary parasitoid (Mackauer and Lardner 1995;Chow and Mackauer 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The developmental strategy of an idiobiont ectoparasitoid, Dendrocerus carpenteri : influence of variations in host quality on offspring growth and fitness

Otto

Mackauer²

1998

Oecologia

103

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Dendrocerus carpenteri (Curtis) (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae) is a solitary hyperparasitoid, which attacks prepupal and pupal stages of hymenopteran parasitoids inside mummified aphids. The larva feeds externally on the host, which is envenomed by the female at oviposition. To evaluate the influence of variations in host quality on the growth, development and fitness of D. carpenteri, we varied the size and developmental stage of the primary parasitoid host (Aphidius ervi Haliday), which was reared on different instars of pea aphid [Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)] and English grain aphid [Sitobion avenae (F.)]. Within each kind of host, females eclosed from the relatively larger mummies, while males eclosed from the smaller mummies. Host size and hyperparasitoid size were correlated, and females were larger than males. In hyperparasitoids developing on prepupal and pupal hosts, development time from oviposition to adult eclosion was proportional to size; females required more time for development than males. The mean relative growth rate was the same in males and females and increased with host quality, as predicted by the growth model of Mackauer and Sequeira (1993) for idiobiont parasitoids. Larvae developing on late-pupal stages and pharate adults of A. ervi were unable to consume sclerotized host tissues; they were smaller and needed more time for development. The average number of mature eggs at eclosion was six, except in females developing on suboptimal hosts, which contained only one egg or none. Egg volume was correlated with female size, possibly reflecting differences in larval ontogeny. We provide equations describing the relationship between host quality as indexed by hind-tibia length of the mummified aphid and adult body size in terms of dry mass, development time and mean relative growth rate of D. carpenteri. We discuss the usefulness of host size as a proxy of host quality for idiobiont parasitoids, and provide examples of exceptions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The developmental strategy of an idiobiont ectoparasitoid, Dendrocerus carpenteri : influence of variations in host quality on offspring growth and fitness

Otto

Mackauer²

1998

Oecologia

103

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“…The female drills a hole through the mummy shell, applies venom, and lays her egg on the surface of the host (Bocchino and Sullivan, 1981). Fecundity is rather low in D. carpenteri, since, on average, only 75 progeny are produced per female (Walker and Cameron, 1981).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evidence for a two-component external marking pheromone system in an aphid hyperparasitoid

1991

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The megaspilidDendrocerus carpenteri (Curtis) is a solitary ectohyperparasitoid of aphid primary parasitoids. It avoids superparasitism, but the avoidance rate depends on the amount of time elapsed after the first oviposition. In addition, females discriminate in a time-dependent manner between hosts parasitized by themselves and hosts parasitized by conspecifics. They recognize parasitized hosts by means of two externally perceivable chemical markers that are deposited on the mummy shell. One of the markers is highly active, short-lived, not passable through gas chromatography (GC), and freezing sensitive; the other is moderately active, persistent, GC-passable and freezing tolerant. Using two markers is believed to be advantageous for the hyperparasitoid female, as their ratio provides information on mark age and on the producer of the mark (the female herself or a conspecific female).

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“…The larva feeds externally on the host which is envenomed by the female at oviposition; the venom causes developmental arrest in the primary parasitoid at the prepupal stage. Females are relatively long-lived but average daily fecundity is low, ranging between six and 15 hosts parasitized (Walker & Cameron, 1981;Chow, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study examines the oviposition behaviour of Dendrocerus carpenteri (Curtis) (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae), a solitary ectoparasitoid developing as a hyperparasitoid on the prepupae and pupae of various aphidiine (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) parasitoids inside mummifi ed aphids (Bocchino & Sullivan, 1981;Walker & Cameron, 1981;Chow & Mackauer, 1999a, b). Females probe the aphid mummy with their ovipositor and normally deposit a single egg either directly on the host or inside the mummy shell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Females of the parasitoid wasp, Dendrocerus carpenteri (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae), adjust offspring sex allocation when competing for hosts

Mackauer¹,

Chow²

2016

Eur. J. Entomol.

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The biology ofDendrocerus carpenteri(Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae), a parasite ofAphidiusspecies, and field observations ofDendrocerusspecies as hyperparasites ofAcyrthosiphonspecies

Cited by 30 publications

References 9 publications

The developmental strategy of an idiobiont ectoparasitoid, Dendrocerus carpenteri : influence of variations in host quality on offspring growth and fitness

The developmental strategy of an idiobiont ectoparasitoid, Dendrocerus carpenteri : influence of variations in host quality on offspring growth and fitness

Evidence for a two-component external marking pheromone system in an aphid hyperparasitoid

Females of the parasitoid wasp, Dendrocerus carpenteri (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae), adjust offspring sex allocation when competing for hosts

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