The Biology of Hepadnaviruses

Howard, Colin R.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-67-7-1215

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The genetic material may integrate into the host cell genome as a provirus-like structure, as is found with hepatitis B virus (Howard, 1986), or may be maintained as independent, quiescent viral genetic material within the host cell nucleus, as in herpes simplex virus (Mellerik & Fraser, 1987). Alternatively, the virus may remain as a low level infection with the production of viral proteins, as has been found for measles virus (Cattaneo et al, 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the presence of a low-level, persistent baculovirus infection of Mamestra brassicae insects.

Hughes

Possee

King

1997

Journal of General Virology

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the presence of a low-level, persistent baculovirus infection of Mamestra brassicae insects.

Hughes

Possee

King

1997

Journal of General Virology

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“…En effet, celles-ci produisent également une grande quantité de particules virales incomplètes qui diffèrent des précédentes par leur composition, notamment en protéines virales structurales, ou par la qualité du génome viral encapsulé. Par exemple, les cellules infectées par le virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) sécrètent de larges quantités de particules non infectieuses, dont la protéine virale antigène de surface (HBsAg), mais sont dépourvues de capside et de génome viral [1]. Par ailleurs, des virus défec-tifs interférents, composés de génomes viraux tronqués, sont produits dans un large spectre d'infections comme la grippe et certaines infections par flavivirus [2,3].…”

Section: Diversité Des Particules Virales Produites Par Les Cellules unclassified

Les exosomes

2013

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“…From a number of recent papers, it is clear that expression of surface protein species from the S gene region is complex (see, for instance, Heermann et al, 1984;Neurath et al, 1984;Pfaffet al, 1986;Howard, 1986). The major virus surface protein S is translated from the 3' portion of an open reading frame.…”

Section: Viral Hepatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Highlights of Animal Virus Research in 1986

McGeoch

Howard

Desselberger

1987

Journal of General Virology

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In 1986 we published a review article entitled 'Some highlights of animal virus research in 1985', in which we attempted to summarize important and interesting research on animal viruses published in 1985 (McGeoch et al., 1986b). The limitations of the exercise were recognized: coverage was selective rather than systematic and, outside clearly pre-eminent subjects, was overtly influenced by personal scientific interests. In this article we now present a similar account of animal virology in 1986. Much the same ground rules have been retained. Selectivity remains of the first importance, and our treatment concerns work published in 1986 as far as possible, but with a little flexibility where necessary.As with 1985, animal virology in 1986 was dominated by work on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) retroviruses. Outside this area, however, we were not able to identify any small set of truly outstanding advances, although work in many virus systems clearly made excellent progress. This evaluation posed problems for a review of the type undertaken, in particular for achieving a balanced selection of topics. With this background we also found it more necessary than before to address virus groups in separate sections (representing a step back from the previous, integrative stance). We have chosen to present aspects of research on, first, the AIDS viruses, and then in succession on hepatitis viruses, herpesviruses, poxviruses, papovaviruses, picornaviruses and negative strand viruses, and to finish with a section on virion structure. AIDSDuring 1986 the extent of the public health problem posed by AIDS continued to increase worldwide. Certainly, it was in this year that the scale, the immediacy and the longer term implications of this viral disease finally became a prominent part of public consciousness in Great Britain. Prospective cohort studies in Great Britain and in the U.S.A. (Goedert et al., 1986) demonstrated a high and increasing incidence of AIDS 3 to 5 years after infection with the AIDS virus. Also, in 1986, the very wide spread of infection in several Central African countries became much more clearly recognized (Mann et al., 1986a, b;Quinn et al., 1986). Basic research on the retrovirus responsible for AIDS continued to advance rapidly, but problems of treatment and prevention appear to be of a more intransigent nature. On a somewhat bathetic note, we register that the AIDS retrovirus has now been assigned the vernacular name 'human immunodeficiency virus' (HIV) (Coffin et al., 1986;). Here we recount aspects of virus genome structure and variation, gene function, and approaches to countering the virus.The wide variations in the genomes of HIV isolates were further examined. Alizon et al. (1986) determined the complete genomic sequences of two strains from Zaire, in Central Africa. These had biological properties indistinguishable from those of other HIV isolates, and their sequences showed the same layout of reading frames and other features, but sequence comparisons revealed a much greater degr...

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The Biology of Hepadnaviruses

Cited by 45 publications

References 50 publications

Evidence for the presence of a low-level, persistent baculovirus infection of Mamestra brassicae insects.

Evidence for the presence of a low-level, persistent baculovirus infection of Mamestra brassicae insects.

Les exosomes

Some Highlights of Animal Virus Research in 1986

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