THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS. 3. CARDARIA DRABA, C. CHALEPENSIS, AND C. PUBESCENS

Mulligan, Gerald A.; Findlay, Judy N.

doi:10.4141/cjps74-024

Cited by 41 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…88: 379Á401. This paper updates an earlier paper by Mulligan and Findlay (1974) on the cruciferous weeds Lepidium draba, L. chalepense and L. appelianum (treated in the previous paper as Cardaria draba, C. chalepensis and C. pubescens, respectively). Known collectively as hoary cresses, these species reached North America in the 19th and early 20th centuries as contaminants in seed or in ballast.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…(a) Species Description * The following descriptions are based on information taken from the taxonomic literature (Mulligan and Findlay 1974;Schultze-Motel 1986;Frankton and Mulligan 1987;Rich 1991;Ball 1993;Rollins 1993;Deng et al 1997;Holm et al 1997;Douglas and Meidinger 1998) and from herbarium specimens. Unless indicated the description applies to all three species.…”

Section: Description and Account Of Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is provided (Appendix). The three species can be distinguished on the basis of size, hairiness and leaf and pod shape (Mulligan and Findlay 1974;Lyons 1998). Lepidium draba is the largest and tallest, with heart-shaped pods containing only two seeds; L. chalepense of medium size with kidney-shaped pods containing up to four seeds, and a more cylindrical flowering head; and L. appelianum the smallest, with more pronounced hairiness, a more densely compacted flowering head, always sagittate leaf bases, and strongly inflated to sub-globose pods, often seedless or with only 1 or 2 seeds.…”

Section: Description and Account Of Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lepidium (Cardaria) chalepense has also been frequently treated as a subspecies of L. draba (e.g., Rollins 1993;Al-Shehbaz et al 2002), but here and in the proposed treatment for Flora of North America (Ihsan AlShehbaz, personal communication) will be treated as a separate species. While L. draba is the most widespread in arable land in western Europe and other parts of the world, all three species have become established as agricultural weeds in western Canada and the western United States (Mulligan and Findlay 1974;Rollins 1981Rollins , 1993Mulligan 2002b). …”

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The biology of Canadian weeds. 3. Lepidium draba L., L. chalepense L., L. appelianum Al-Shehbaz (updated)

Francis¹,

Warwick²

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Al-Shehbaz (updated). Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 379Á401. This paper updates an earlier paper by Mulligan and Findlay (1974) on the cruciferous weeds Lepidium draba, L. chalepense and L. appelianum (treated in the previous paper as Cardaria draba, C. chalepensis and C. pubescens, respectively). Known collectively as hoary cresses, these species reached North America in the 19th and early 20th centuries as contaminants in seed or in ballast. The three species spread extensively in the western parts of the continent by the mid 20th century, partly through seed dissemination, but also by establishment of clonal patches and rhizomatous spread. In the prairie provinces the three species are weeds in grainfields, hayfields and forage crops, and have been largely under control in those crops since the 1970s. By the 1970s all three species had spread into agricultural regions of south central British Columbia and remain a serious problem there. They have also spread into forest, range, and riparian areas of Alberta and British Columbia and are among weedy threats to native ecosystems. Populations in Saskatchewan and Manitoba appear to have stabilized, but remain on noxious weed lists. In the western United States, the species have also spread from cultivated areas into rangelands, and L. draba in particular competes successfully with native vegetation, resulting in reduced local biodiversity. Lepidium draba can also reduce forage production, quality and palatability. Biocontrol measures for L. draba are under investigation. Mechanical controls have proved to be generally ineffective in large populations. Herbicides are effective in the short term in some agricultural crops, but do not provide long-term control, and are of restricted use on rangelands and at riparian sites. Potential beneficial uses of Lepidium draba in phytoremediation and as a source of disease-fighting chemical derivatives are reported. e sie`cle, elles s'e´taient largement disse´mine´es dans la partie ouest du continent, en partie graˆce a`la dispersion des semences, mais aussi par clonage et propagation au moyen de rhizomes. Dans les provinces des Prairies, les trois espe`ces envahissent les champs de ce´re´ales, de foin et de plantes fourrage`res, mais on parvient a`les controˆler dans ces cultures depuis les anne´es 1970. Par la suite, les trois espe`ces ont gagne´les re´gions agricoles du centre-sud de la Colombie-Britannique ou`elles demeurent un se´rieux proble`me. Elles ont e´galement atteint les foreˆts, les grands parcours et les zones riveraines de l'Alberta et de la Colombie-Britannique ou`elles figurent parmi les adventices menac¸ant les e´cosyste`mes naturels. Les populations du Manitoba et de la Saskatchewan semblent s'eˆtre stabilise´es, mais les espe`ces restent sur la liste des mauvaises herbes nuisibles. Dans l'ouest des É tats-Unis, elles ont aussi quitte´les zones cultive´es pour les grands paˆturages et L. draba, en particulier, livre une concurrence fort efficace a`la ve´ge´tation indige`ne, ce qui nuit a`la biodiversite´locale. Le...

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mentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Description and Account Of Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description and Account Of Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The biology of Canadian weeds. 3. Lepidium draba L., L. chalepense L., L. appelianum Al-Shehbaz (updated)

Francis¹,

Warwick²

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…On both continents, shepherd's purse can overwinter as a seedling or a seed, and flowering occurs from March to June or July (Defelice 2001;Iannetta et al 2007). Hoary cress flowers from March to July in Europe and North America (Mulligan and Findlay 1974;Larina 2003), a period overlapping with the range of flowering time of canola on the two continents (Lefol et al 1996;Thomas 2002). As a consequence of this phenological overlap, C. turbatus and C. typhae could be attacked by a nonhost-specific parasitoid introduced for biological control of C. obstrictus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval phenologies and parasitoids of two seed-feeding weevils associated with hoary cress and shepherd's purse (Brassicaceae) in Europe

et al. 2011

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Abstract-In Europe, Ceutorhynchus turbatus Schultze and Ceutorhynchus typhae (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) feed on seeds from hoary cress and shepherd's purse (Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.); both plants are invasive in North America. In North America, C. turbatus is a candidate for biological control of hoary cress, C. typhae is adventive, and both are sympatric with cabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham)), an invasive alien pest of canola (Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L., Brassicaceae). We investigated host associations among C. turbatus, C. typhae, and their parasitoids in Europe. Of particular interest was host specificity of Trichomalus perfectus (Walker) and Mesopolobus morys (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), candidates for biological control of C. obstrictus in North America. We found no evidence that T. perfectus attacks C. turbatus or C. typhae; however, M. morys was the most common parasitoid associated with C. turbatus. Herbst) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) se nourrissent des graines de la cardaire drave et de la capselle bourse-à -pasteur (Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. et Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.), deux plantes envahissantes en Amérique du Nord. En Amérique du Nord, C. turbatus est un candidat pour la lutte biologique contre la cardaire drave, C. typhae est adventice et les deux espèces sont sympatriques avec le charançon de la graine du chou (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham)), un ravageur exotique envahissant du colza (Brassica napus L. et Brassica rapa L., Brassicaceae). Nous avons étudié les associations d'hô tes entre C. turbatus, C. typhae et leurs parasitoïdes en Europe. La spécificité d'hô te de Trichomalus perfectus (Walker) et celle de Mesopolobus morys (Walker) (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) sont particulièrement intéressantes et ces espèces sont des candidats pour la lutte biologique contre C. obstrictus en Amérique du Nord. Nous n'avons aucune indication que T. perfectus attaque C. turbatus ou C. typhae; cependant, M. morys est le parasitoïde le plus communément associé à C. turbatus. Résumé-EnEurope, Ceutorhynchus turbatus Schultze et Ceutorhynchus typhae ([Traduit par la Rédaction]

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The biologically active zone in upland habitats at the Hanford Site, Washington, USA: Focus on plant rooting depth and biomobilization

Lovtang¹,

Delistraty

Rochette

2018

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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We challenge the suggestion by Sample et al. (2015) that a depth of 305 cm (10 ft) exceeds the depth of biological activity in soils at the Hanford Site, Washington, USA, or similar sites. Instead, we support the standard point of compliance, identified in the Model Toxics Control Act in the state of Washington, which specifies a depth of 457 cm (15 ft) for the protection of both human and ecological receptors at the Hanford Site. Our position is based on additional information considered in our expanded review of the literature, the influence of a changing environment over time, plant community dynamics at the Hanford Site, and inherent uncertainty in the Sample et al. (2015) analysis. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:442-446. © 2018 SETAC.

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THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS. 3. CARDARIA DRABA, C. CHALEPENSIS, AND C. PUBESCENS

Cited by 41 publications

References 4 publications

The biology of Canadian weeds. 3. Lepidium draba L., L. chalepense L., L. appelianum Al-Shehbaz (updated)

The biology of Canadian weeds. 3. Lepidium draba L., L. chalepense L., L. appelianum Al-Shehbaz (updated)

Larval phenologies and parasitoids of two seed-feeding weevils associated with hoary cress and shepherd's purse (Brassicaceae) in Europe

The biologically active zone in upland habitats at the Hanford Site, Washington, USA: Focus on plant rooting depth and biomobilization

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