THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 76. Vicia angustifolia L.,V. cracca L., V. sativa L., V. tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. and V. villosa Roth.

Aarssen, Lonnie W.; Hall, I. V.; Jensen, K. I. N.

doi:10.4141/cjps86-092

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This study supports the general observation that non-native plant establishment remains low in natural boreal forests [12, 29]. Even in disturbed forests, we found limited spread of non-native plant species into recently burned areas along both the Dalton and Parks Highways, despite abundant roadside populations of T .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Impacts of fire on non-native plant recruitment in black spruce forests of interior Alaska

et al. 2017

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Climate change is expected to increase the extent and severity of wildfires throughout the boreal forest. Historically, black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) forests in interior Alaska have been relatively free of non-native species, but the compounding effects of climate change and an altered fire regime could facilitate the expansion of non-native plants. We tested the effects of wildfire on non-native plant colonization by conducting a seeding experiment of non-native plants on different substrate types in a burned black spruce forest, and surveying for non-native plants in recently burned and mature black spruce forests. We found few non-native plants in burned or mature forests, despite their high roadside presence, although invasion of some burned sites by dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) indicated the potential for non-native plants to move into burned forest. Experimental germination rates were significantly higher on mineral soil compared to organic soil, indicating that severe fires that combust much of the organic layer could increase the potential for non-native plant colonization. We conclude that fire disturbances that remove the organic layer could facilitate the invasion of non-native plants providing there is a viable seed source and dispersal vector.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…officinalis produce a large volume of small seeds [27, 28], whereas V . cracca produces fewer, larger seeds [29]. The small seeded T .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of fire on non-native plant recruitment in black spruce forests of interior Alaska

et al. 2017

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“…The genus Vicia L., a member of the legume tribe Vicieae of the Papilionoideae , comprises 160–200 species, naturally distributed in Europe, Asia, America and Africa (Bryant & Hughes, ). Vicia villosa Roth (hairy vetch) is a cosmopolitan non‐native invader present in several temperate regions of America, initially introduced as a forage crop (Aarssen, Hall, & Jensen, ; Gunn, ). The inclusion of legumes in agricultural rotations has a crucial economic value in semiarid agroecosystems, where the relatively high cost of N chemical fertilization substantially affects grain crop yield and quality (Ates, Feindel, El Moneim, & Ryan, ; Reckling et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the benefits of hairy vetch can be significant, its adoption by farmers is limited due to the perception that it could become a problematic volunteer weed in winter cereals (e.g., wheat, barley) crop rotations (Crockett, Mirsky, & Curran, ). Hairy vetch expanded from cultivated areas to form spontaneous populations, such as in winter cereals, orchards, pastures and forestry fields (Aarssen et al., ). Vicia villosa is also present as a ruderal species along roadsides, disturbed areas and fallow fields (Renzi & Cantamutto, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vicia villosa ssp. villosa Roth field emergence model in a semiarid agroecosystem

Renzi

Chantre

Cantamutto

2017

Grass and Forage Science

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Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is a winter annual legume cultivated for pasture and hay with the capability for natural reseeding. Vicia villosa increases N concentrations in the soil, thus contributing to the sustainability of semiarid regions. However, under rotations of 1–2 years of pasture followed by 1 year of crop (1:1–2:1), hairy vetch could become a problematic volunteer weed in the winter cereal crop phase. This study aimed to develop a mechanistic model for hairy vetch seedling emergence in order to (i) estimate the natural reseeding of hairy vetch in the pasture phase of the field rotation, or (ii) develop control strategies considering hairy vetch as a volunteer weed in the winter cereal phase. The proposed model simulates the pattern of field emergence of hairy vetch after natural seed dispersal by integrating four submodels: (i) physical (PY) dormancy release dynamics, (ii) physiological dormancy (PD) release and germination thermal requirements, (iii) hydro‐time requirements for germination, and (iv) pre‐emergence growth respectively. The developed field emergence model was validated with independent field emergence data during 2013, 2014 and 2015. The model adequately predicted the timing and magnitude of field emergence flushes (RMSE < 10.1) despite the environmental variability among years. The additive effect of each submodel clearly improved the explanatory capacity of the field emergence patterns. The alleviation of PD synchronizes the timing for hairy vetch germination, while the PY determines the seedbank persistence. These outcomes suggest the potential applicability of the proposed modelling approach within management decision support systems.

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Root and axillary shoot development of hairy vetch stem cuttings and cessation of flower development under a short photoperiod

2020

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Clonal propagation is a valuable tool for plant breeders to maintain heterozygous genotypes in crop species that are not amenable to self‐pollination or apomixis. An example is the drought‐tolerant forage and N‐fixing cover crop hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), which primarily outcrosses and is developed into composite cultivars by plant breeders. The ability to obtain clones of desirable genotypes in breeding nurseries would enable the maintenance of heterozygous genotypes for genetic study or the ability to reconstitute a true synthetic cultivar. We developed an efficient method of clonal propagation from stem cuttings to maintain genotypes in a vegetative state for a minimum of 2 yr, even when obtained from flowering parental plants. The long‐term viability of such clones is unknown, however. We determined that hairy vetch, which flowers under long days, exhibits a form of partial flowering where vegetative meristems are maintained during conditions that induce flowering. Clones obtained from flowering parents would resume reproductive growth and eventually senesce if kept in inductive conditions. However, if clones were grown under a continuous 6‐h photoperiod, reproductive development would cease and vegetative growth would resume indefinitely.

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THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 76. Vicia angustifolia L.,V. cracca L., V. sativa L., V. tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. and V. villosa Roth.

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Impacts of fire on non-native plant recruitment in black spruce forests of interior Alaska

Impacts of fire on non-native plant recruitment in black spruce forests of interior Alaska

Vicia villosa ssp. villosa Roth field emergence model in a semiarid agroecosystem

Root and axillary shoot development of hairy vetch stem cuttings and cessation of flower development under a short photoperiod

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