The biology of Canadian weeds. 116. <i>Echium vulgare</i> L.

Klemow, Kenneth M.; Clements, David R.; Threadgill, Paul F.; Cavers, Paul B.

doi:10.4141/p01-058

Cited by 35 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These two groups of species are similarly predisposed to human‐aided dispersal. Medicinal species, like ornamentals and fodders, are important to human society and have been vigorously introduced to many places (Maheshwari & Paul, 1975; Klemow et al ., 2002). Some medicinal species can be invasive (Austin, 2000), but such species are poorly represented among invasive species (Weber, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant invasions in Taiwan: Insights from the flora of casual and naturalized alien species

Hsieh

Chaw

et al. 2004

Diversity and Distributions

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Data on floristic status, biological attributes, chronology and distribution of naturalized species have been shown to be a very powerful tool for discerning the patterns of plant invasions and species invasiveness. We analysed the newly compiled list of casual and naturalized plant species in Taiwan (probably the only complete data set of this kind in East Asia) and found that Taiwan is relatively lightly invaded with only 8% of the flora being casual or naturalized. Moreover, the index of casual and naturalized species per log area is also moderate, in striking contrast with many other island floras where contributions of naturalized species are much higher. Casual and naturalized species have accumulated steadily and almost linearly over the past decades. Fabaceae, Asteraceae, and Poaceae are the families with the most species. However, Amaranthaceae, Convolvulaceae, and Onagraceae have the largest ratios of casual and naturalized species to their global numbers. Ipomoea, Solanum and Crotalaria have the highest numbers of casual and naturalized species. About 60% of all genera with exotic species are new to Taiwan. Perennial herbs represent one third of the casual and naturalized flora, followed by annual herbs. About 60% of exotic species were probably introduced unintentionally onto the island; many species imported intentionally have ornamental, medicinal, or forage values. The field status of 50% of these species is unknown, but ornamentals represent noticeable proportions of naturalized species, while forage species represent a relatively larger proportion of casual species. Species introduced for medicinal purposes seem to be less invasive. Most of the casual and naturalized species of Taiwan originated from the Tropical Americas, followed by Asia and Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant invasions in Taiwan: Insights from the flora of casual and naturalized alien species

Hsieh

Chaw

et al. 2004

Diversity and Distributions

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“…It appears that the proportion of naturalized species with so-called medicinal properties may be magnified. Although medicinal species are important to human society and have been introduced in many places (Maheshwari and Paul 1975;Klemow et al 2002), only a relatively small proportion of them are naturalized or invasive (Austin 2000;Weber 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of plant invasions in China: Taxonomic, biogeographic, climatic approaches and anthropogenic effects

Sun

Teng

et al. 2009

Biol Invasions

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This study was aimed to determine the patterns as well as the effects of biological, anthropogenic, and climatic factors on plant invasions in China. About 270 volumes of national and regional floras were employed to compile a naturalized flora of China. Habit, life form, origin, distribution, and uses of naturalized plants were also analyzed to determine patterns on invasion. Correlations between biological, anthropogenic and climatic parameters were estimated at province and regional scales. Naturalized species represent 1% of the flora of China. Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae are the dominant families, but Euphorbiaceae and Cactaceae have the largest ratios of naturalized species to their global numbers. Oenothera, Euphorbia, and Crotalaria were the dominant genera. Around 50% of exotic species were introduced intentionally for medicinal purposes. Most of the naturalized species originated in tropical America, followed by Asia and Europe. Number of naturalized species was significantly correlated to the number of native species/log area. The intensity of plant invasion showed a pattern along climate zones from mesic to xeric, declining with decreasing temperature and precipitation across the nation. Anthropogenic factor, such as distance of transportation, was significantly correlated to plant 123Biol Invasions (2010( ) 12:2179( -2206( DOI 10.1007 invasions at a regional scale. Although anthropogenic factors were largely responsible for creating opportunities for exotic species to spread and establish, the local biodiversity and climate factors were the major factors shaping the pattern of plant invasions in China. The warm regions, which are the hot spots of local biodiversity, and relatively developed areas of China, furthermore, require immediate attentions.

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“…All four study species are native to Central Europe or distributed in Eurasia and typical components of dry grasslands and ruderal habitats. They are characterized by high drought tolerance and a strong prevalence in open, unshaded habitats (Gross and Werner 1978, Klemow et al 2002, Sheppard and Smyth 2012. The species of both genera are monocarpic and generally biennial and develop a rosette in the first growing season, whereas a flowering stem sprouts in the second year.…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of UV-B radiation on germination characteristics in invasive plants in New Zealand

Hock¹,

Beckmann²,

Hofmann³

et al. 2015

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UV-B radiation represents a potentially selective, yet little studied environmental factor for plant invasions, especially with respect to germination characteristics and seedling establishment in areas of high UV-B exposure such as New Zealand. To explain invasive potential of plant species pre-adaptation and local adaptation to selection factors in the invaded range are two frequently consulted concepts. To test for the relevance of these mechanisms, it is necessary to compare both invasive and non-invasive species, as well as native and exotic origins of invasive species. In the present study, germination success of two congeneric species pairs of the genera Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) and Echium (Boraginaceae) were investigated under high UV-B intensities. Each genus comprised one species that has successfully invaded New Zealand grasslands and one species that was introduced but has not been invasive in New Zealand. In an among-species approach, pre-adaptation was tested by comparing germination success of native (European) origins of all four species in relation to their different invasive success in New Zealand. In a within-species comparison, native (European) and exotic (New Zealand) origins of the two invasive species were compared to test for local adaptation to UV-B in the invaded range. In both approaches, UV-B radiation inhibited the germination success of all study species. However, the comparison of invasive and non-invasive species of the two genera showed no UV-B-specific pre-adaptation of invasive species to high NeoBiotaMaria Hock et al. / NeoBiota 26: 21-37 (2015) 22 UV-B intensities. Higher germination success of invasive species probably led to an establishment advantage during colonization of the invaded range. Although local adaptation of exotic populations to UV-B could not be demonstrated in the within-species approach, a genetic shift in germination velocity between native and exotic origins was found. These differences may be ascribed to other relevant environmental factors, e.g. overall irradiation and drought, inducing similar plant responses as under UV-B radiation.

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The biology of Canadian weeds. 116. Echium vulgare L.

Cited by 35 publications

References 45 publications

Plant invasions in Taiwan: Insights from the flora of casual and naturalized alien species

Plant invasions in Taiwan: Insights from the flora of casual and naturalized alien species

Patterns of plant invasions in China: Taxonomic, biogeographic, climatic approaches and anthropogenic effects

Effects of UV-B radiation on germination characteristics in invasive plants in New Zealand

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