THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 60. <i>Polygonum convolvulus</i> L.

Hume, L.; Martínez, José Dimas López; Best, K. F.

doi:10.4141/cjps83-121

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The stability of this relationship enables us to use seed mass as a predictor of the seed response to seed depth when analysing new species. For instance, for Fallopia convolvulus L. with an average seed mass of 7 mg, the estimated maximal emergence depth in optimal conditions would be 185 mm, which is consistent with field observations (Hume et al, 1983). In our study, the shoot growth was measured in optimal conditions of soil structure, temperature, moisture and mineral nutrition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of seed depth and soil aggregates on the emergence of weeds with contrasting seed traits

Gardarin¹,

Dürr²,

Colbach³

2010

Weed Research

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Gardarin A, Dürr C & Colbach N (2010). Effects of seed depth and soil aggregates on the emergence of weeds with contrasting seed traits. Weed Research50, 91–101. Summary Tillage has a strong impact on weed emergence by burying seeds in the soil and modifying soil structure. Its influence can vary according to seed and seedling characteristics. This article focuses on shoot and radicle elongation in the soil and on seedling mortality caused by soil obstacles. Germinated seeds of nine contrasting weeds were planted in pots and grown in the dark to measure shoot and radicle elongation. Second, the proportion of seedlings blocked under aggregates (20–50 mm) was measured. Shoot growth rate, maximal shoot and radicle lengths were positively correlated with seed mass. Large‐seeded species (e.g. Avena fatua) were more likely to emerge from greater depths (exceeding 20 cm deep). Seedling mortality increased with increasing obstacle size for all species; it was greater for monocotyledonous than for dicotyledonous species and decreased with the shoot diameter. Weed seed depth and soil structure influence emergence of weed species differently, depending on seed mass, shoot diameter and taxa. Including the results of this study in a cropping system‐weed dynamics model would help to predict responses of weeds species to tillage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of seed depth and soil aggregates on the emergence of weeds with contrasting seed traits

Gardarin¹,

Dürr²,

Colbach³

2010

Weed Research

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“…In nature, the vast majority ofwild buckwheat seedlings emerge during the spring, although some emergence is observed throughout the entire growing season (Hume, Martinez, and Best, 1983). This, coupled with the observation that freshly harvested achenes exhibit a deep primary dormancy (Justice, 1941;Timson, 1966), suggests that germination behavior in wild buckwheat is regulated by seasonal variations in environmental conditions.…”

Section: Following Angular Transformation Ofthe Percentage Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus) is a common annual weed in cultivated fields of North America. Its persistence as a weed has been attributed in part to dormancy of newly ripened achenes that allows germination to be spread over several subsequent seasons (Hume, Martinez, and Best, 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

Physiological Basis of Achene Dormancy in Polygonum convolvulus (Polygonaceae)

Metzger

1992

American Journal of Botany

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Germination of dormant achenes of wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.) was promoted at 25 C if they were stratified at low temperatures. Preincubation at either 2 C or 10 C promoted subsequent germination at 25 C equally, although the period of time to reach maximum germination was shorter for the 2 C treatment. Moreover, a preincubation treatment of a daily alternating cycle 2 C for 20 hr and 10 C for 4 hr promoted germination at 25 C more than either temperature alone. Removing portions of the hard pericarp and testa did not promote germination of dormant achenes at 25 C except when the portion of those structures covering the tip of the radicle was removed. This suggests that the structures covering the embryo do not prevent germination by restricting the movement of water or gases but rather restrict growth mechanically. Complete removal of the pericarp promoted germination, but much higher germination was obtained when the testa was also removed, indicating that the pericarp may not be the main factor in dormancy. Thus the role of low temperature in the loss of dormancy in wild buckwheat achenes may be to promote the production of hydrolytic enzymes that lower the mechanical resistance of pericarp and testa and/or increase the embryo growth potential beyond some threshold level and thereby enable the radicle to overcome the resistance to growth imposed by the structures covering the embryo.

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“…It is especially active against Canada thistle {Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) and wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), two weeds that are widespread and economically important throughout North America (Moore, 1975;Hume, Martinez & Best, 1983). Clopyralid is registered for the selective control of these two weeds in cereal and rapeseed crops in Europe and North America (Hall & Vanden Born, 1988) and is the only herbicide available for effective, long-term control of Canada thistle infestations in rapeseed crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of five different formulations of clopyralid on Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop, and Polygonum convolvulus L

Kloppenburg

Hall

1990

Weed Research

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Experiments were conducted in a controlled environment growth room to compare the phytotoxicity of five formulations of clopyralid and to determine the effect of post-treatment simulated rainfall applications on the efficacy of these formulations. Clopyrahd, formulated as the acid, monoethanolamine salt, potassium salt, 2-ethylhexyl ester or 1-decyl ester was applied to Cirsium arvense or Polygonum convolvulus at the 8-10 and 4-6 leaf stage of development, respectively.Based on the shoot and root dry weight data from both species, the 2-ethylhexyl ester was consistently less phytotoxic than the other four formulations. With respect to Cirsium arvense shoot and root dry weight, there was no difference in efficacy between the acid, monoethanolamine salt, potassium salt and 1-decyl ester. Root dry weight changes of Polygonum convolvulus did not correlate well with an increase in dose of the five formulations. Maximum increase in stem diameter of Polygonum convolvulus occurred after application of 100 g a.e. ha~' of the acid, monoethanolamine salt, potassium salt and 1-decyl ester whereas with the 2-ethylhexyl ester, the maximum increase occurred after application of 200 g a.e. ha"'. Simulated rainfall was applied 3, 6, 9 or 12 h after application of 200 g a.e. ha~' of the five clopyralid formulations to both species. Rainfall reduced the efficacy of clopyralid, regardless of the formulation or species. The 2-ethylhexyl ester was less efficacious than the other four formulations, irrespective of the timing of simulated rainfall. Efftcacite de cinq formulations differentes de clopyralid sur Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop, et Polygonum convolvulus L. Des essais ont et6 conduits dans des chambres de croissance en milieu controle pour comparer la phytotoxicite de cinq formulations de clopyralide et pour determiner l'effet d'une pluie artificielle apres le traitement sur l'efficacitd e ces formulations. Le clopyralid formule comme acide, sel monoethanolamine, sel de potassium, 2-ethylhexyl ester ou 1-decyl ester a et6 applique sur Cirsium arvense ou Polygonum convolvulus aux stades respectifs de 8 a 10 feuilles et de 4 a 6 feuilles. En se basant sur les poids sees des tiges et racines des deux especes, on a vu que le 2-ethylhexyl ester 6tait notamment moins phytotoxique que les 4 autres formulations. En regard des poids sees des tiges et racines de Cirsium arvense, il n'y a pas eu de difference d'efficacite entre l'acide, le sel monoethanolamine, le sel de potassium et 1decyl ester. Les changements du poids sec racinaire chez Polygonum convolvulus n'etaient pas bien correl6s avec une augmentation de la dose des cinq formulations. Le maximum d'augmentation du diamfetre de la tige de Polygonum convolvulus a 6t6 observe apres l'application de 100 g ha~' d'acide, sel monoethanolamine, de sel de potassium et de 1-decyl ester tandis qu'avec le 2-ethylhexyl ester, le maximum a ete observe aprds une application de 300 g ha"'. Des pluies artificielles ont et6 faites 3, 6, 9 ou 12 h aprfes l'application de 200 g ha~' des cinq formulatio...

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THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 60. Polygonum convolvulus L.

Abstract: Hut'rE, L., Manrtrrz, J. eNo Besr K. 1983

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of seed depth and soil aggregates on the emergence of weeds with contrasting seed traits

Effects of seed depth and soil aggregates on the emergence of weeds with contrasting seed traits

Physiological Basis of Achene Dormancy in Polygonum convolvulus (Polygonaceae)

Efficacy of five different formulations of clopyralid on Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop, and Polygonum convolvulus L

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