THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 8. <i>Sinapis arvensis</i> L.

Mulligan, Gerald A.; Bailey, L. Grant

doi:10.4141/cjps75-026

Cited by 73 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…Oil from the seeds has been used for making soap, for cooking, and as a lubricant, and the whole plant used as green fodder (Mulligan and Bailey 1975). According to Hanelt (1986), in the last century S. arvensis was sometimes cultivated in a method similar to S. alba within the former Soviet Union and in Kyrgystan (and possibly cultivated in Romania, Hungary and France).…”

Section: Economic Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A strongly persistent seedbank, competitive growth habit, and high fecundity all contribute to its weedy nature and ensure that it will be a continuing problem. Prior to the widespread use of phenoxy herbicides, S. arvensis was the worst weed of cultivated land in the prairies (reviewed in Mulligan and Bailey 1975). In cereal crops, many herbicides are available to control it cost effectively.…”

Section: Economic Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. Photographs of wild mustard at various growth stages are available in Mulligan and Bailey (1975). Several web-based illustrations of seedlings, mature plants, inflorescences, fruit and seed are also available, e.g.…”

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The biology of Canadian weeds. 8. Sinapis arvensis. L. (updated)

Warwick¹,

Beckie²,

Thomas³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. An updated review of biological information is provided for Sinapis arvensis L. Native to the Old World, the species is widely introduced and naturalized in temperate regions around the world. The species occurs in all the provinces, the Northwest Territories, and the Yukon. It is an important weed of field crops in the Canadian prairies. A strongly persistent seedbank, competitive annual growth habit and high fecundity all contribute to its weedy nature and ensure that it will be a continuing problem. Several cases of herbicide resistance have been documented for natural populations of S. arvensis in Canada, including biotypes resistant to: i) Group 2 herbicides, which inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), from Manitoba in 1992 and Alberta in 1993; ii) Group 4 herbicides or synthetic auxins from Manitoba in 1991; and iii) Group 5 herbicides, which inhibit photosynthesis at photosystem II, from Ontario in 1983. The species is a close relative of Brassica nigra (L.) Koch, black mustard, and is capable of limited genetic exchange with the Brassica crop species under laboratory hybridization conditions either by conventional crossing or with the aid of ovary/embryo recovery techniques.

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Section: Economic Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Economic Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The biology of Canadian weeds. 8. Sinapis arvensis. L. (updated)

Warwick¹,

Beckie²,

Thomas³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Black mustard resembles wild mustard when young, but grows much taller (up to 2.5 m); the lower leaves have coarser lobed divisions, upper leaves are narrow without teeth; flowers are smaller and the inflorescence is widely branched; seed pods are shorter (1Á2 cm), erect and pressed to the stem, and the seedless beak is needle-like. Mature plants with fruit can be identified with the following key in Warwick et al (2000) adapted from Mulligan and Bailey (1975), coat pattern of B. napus is intermediate between that of B. oleracea and B. rapa. Andrew et al (1987) suggested that B. napus and S. arvensis could be distinguished based on the primary seed surface wax, with B. napus featuring nonacosane (C 29 H 60 ) and S. arvensis featuring hentriacontane (C 31 H 64 ).…”

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The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.

Gulden¹,

Warwick²,

Thomas³

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2008. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa. Can. J. Plan Sci. 88: 951Á996. Brassica napus and B. rapa are native to Eurasia. In Canada, these species are commonly referred to as volunteer canola, while feral populations of B. rapa are referred to as birdrape. Brassica napus and B. rapa have been grown commercially for their seed oil content in western Canada since the middle of the last century and volunteer populations are common in fields. Escaped populations of both species are also found along roadways, railways and in waste areas; however, only B. rapa is known to have naturalized, self-sustaining feral populations in these habitats in eastern Canada. Despite these escaped and feral populations, B. napus and B. rapa are mainly a concern in agricultural fields where their combined relative abundance has increased over the past few decades. In the mid 1990s, herbicideresistant genotypes of B. napus were released for commercial production. Herbicide-resistance and the stacking of genes in volunteer populations conferring resistance to multiple herbicides have contributed to increased difficulties in controlling volunteer B. napus in some crops. However, yield loss resulting from volunteer populations is not well documented in Canada.Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, herbicide resistance, transgene escape, volunteer canola, weed biology Gulden, R. H., Warwick, S. I. et Thomas, A. G. 2008. La biologie des mauvaises herbes au Canada. 137. Brassica napus L. et B. rapa L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 951Á996. Brassica napus et B. rapa sont des plantes originaires d'Eurasie. Au Canada, on les de´signe souvent sous l'expression « canola spontane´», tandis que les peuplements sauvages de B. rapa sont appele´s « navette ». Dans l'Ouest canadien, Brassica napus et B. rapa sont cultive´s commercialement pour l'huile que renferment leurs graines depuis le milieu du sie`cle dernier et les repousses spontane´es sont devenues monnaie courante dans les champs. On observe des peuplements des deux espe`ces le long des routes et des voies ferre´es ainsi que dans les terrains vagues, cependant on sait que seule B. rapa s'est acclimate´e pour donner des populations sauvages et stables dans les meˆmes habitats, dans l'est du pays. Malgre´cela, B. napus et B. rapa demeurent surtout pre´occupants dans les cultures, oul eur abondance relative, une fois combine´s, s'est accrue au cours des dernie`res de´cennies. Au milieu des anne´e 1990, des ge´notypes de B. napus re´sistants aux herbicides ont e´te´homologue´s pour la culture commerciale. Cette re´sistance et l'accumulation des ge`nes qui la codent dans les peuplements spontane´s ont concouru a`compliquer la lutte contre les repousses de B. napus dans certaines cultures. Quoi qu'il en soit, les pertes de rendement qui en re´sultent sont mal e´taye´es au Canada.

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“…In small-grain cereals in western Canada, wild mustard pods typically remain intact until crop harvest (Mulligan and Bailey 1975). Forcella et al (1996) determined that one-third of wild mustard seeds were retained at corn harvest in a cool growing season, but had completely shattered in a warm growing season.…”

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confidence: 99%