The Biology of Aging: 1976, An Overview†

Wallace, Daniel J.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1977.tb00271.x

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The notion that oxidative stress participates in the development of diabetic complications dates back over 20 years [66]. Detailed chemistry of interactions between oxidatively derived radicals and tissue components is reviewed elsewhere [67±70].…”

Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitogen-activated protein kinases as glucose transducers for diabetic complications

1999

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The results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial [1] emphatically confirmed the heroic studies of Jean Pirart [2±4], showing that poor control of glycaemia in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus predisposes patients to chronic complications. This has led to the tacit assumption that glucose, at supranormal concentrations, is the agent of damage. Participation of hypoinsulinaemia or other manifestations of poor control cannot be discounted but glucose itself certainly has the capacity to disturb biosystems. It can do this in a variety of ways, so that hypotheses to explain specific complications ± retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy ± starting from high glucose are tenable, testable and, therefore, useful.Figure 1 presents a simple generic plan by which complications develop. It usefully discriminates between metabolic effects of glucose on the target cells showing the complication and the exacerbating effect of independent accelerators, such as arterial hypertension in diabetic nephropathy. Not all independent accelerators have, however, as clearly defined a rela- Diabetologia (1999) AbstractThe damaging effects of glucose on the cells which contribute to the development of diabetic complications are ill-understood. There are three major hypotheses ± the sorbitol pathway, non-enzymatic glycation of proteins and increased oxidative stress ± and many examples illustrate inter-connections between the three. It is suggested that these pathways, together with other biochemical anomalies arising from hyperglycaemia, can synergise by sharing the capacity to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) and that these enzymes in actual fact form glucose transducers. The more recent hypothesis, namely that activation of a specific isoform of protein kinase C (PKC) underpin damaging changes in retinopathy and neuropathy, can also be related because protein kinase C is an effective activator of mitogen-activated protein kinases. These latter kinases phosphorylate transcription factors, which in turn alter the balance of gene expression. In this way they can alter cellular phenotype, promote division or increase production of extracellular material. In short, mitogen-activated protein kinases have the capacity to trigger all the cellular events necessary for the development of diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy and it is suggested that their pharmacological modulation might provide therapeutic control of these conditions. [Diabetologia (1999

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Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitogen-activated protein kinases as glucose transducers for diabetic complications

1999

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“…During the lifetime, various changes related to aging occurs which alters the person's ability to function in his environment. A person doesn't simply get old, as this is a long process that depends on heredity, diet, mental attitude, environment and standard of living etc (Wallace, 1997). Most people above 60 years of age are considered as 'old'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Economic and Health Status of Elderly People in Nepal

Paudel

2022

J. Dev. Soc. Engin.

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Old age is the time associated with biological, psychological and social changes. This study aims to explore the socio-economic and health status among the elderly people. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among 136 elderly who were the received old age allowance of Kusma municipality, Parbat. Elderly of aged 60 years & above were selected for the study by cluster sampling method. The information was collected through interview scheduled by semi structured questionnaire with quantitative and qualitative methods. Focused group discussion and case study also carried out. The major part of the elderly population was in theage group of 70-75 (29.4%) and 75-80 (22.8%) years. Sixty-eight percent elderly were illiterate and majority (71.3%) has land ownership. There is no any income source of elderly except old age allowance (94.1%). The most health problem was gastric, sugar and pressure problem as found in 44.85%. Nearly two -fifth (37.5%) were suffering from physical; heart related and bone related problems. Types of family and health status of elderly are significance at 5% level of significance (Chi-square). The results of the study show that family support, and old age allowance schemes have a positive impact on the social and health status of the elderly. The government has to care for the elderly people with special provision to increase their quality of life and make their life healthy and productive.

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The Decision-Making Process in Geriatric Surgery

Reiss¹

1984

Medicolegal Library

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The Biology of Aging: 1976, An Overview†

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Mitogen-activated protein kinases as glucose transducers for diabetic complications

Mitogen-activated protein kinases as glucose transducers for diabetic complications

Socio-Economic and Health Status of Elderly People in Nepal

The Decision-Making Process in Geriatric Surgery

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