THE BIOLOGY OF A BROODING SEASTAR,<i>LEPTASTERIAS TENERA</i>, IN BLOCK ISLAND SOUND

Hendler, Gordon; Franz, David R.

doi:10.2307/1540983

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…However, O'Brien (1976) has suggested that brooding female Leptasterias littoralis may feed on fine particulate material and brooding Leptasterias hexactis, L. pusilla and L. tenera have occasionally been found with ingested prey (Osterud, 1918;Menge, 1974;Smith, 1981 ;Hendler and Franz, 1982). In the present study, however, Anasterias rupicola was shown to be an active predator at least in the later stages of brooding, feeding as frequently as do non-brooding A. rupicola.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Co-operative prey capture and unusual brooding habits of Anasterias rupicola (Verrill) (Asteroidea) at sub-Antarctic Marion Island

Blankley¹,

Branch²

1984

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The asteroid Anasterias rupicola and the limpet Nacella delesserti dominate shallowwater communities around sub-Antarctic Marion Island; the limpet is the most important prey species for the starfish. A. mpicola can feed solitarily but often feeds in aggregations, particularly on large prey. This cluster-feeding allows it to capture prey otherwise unattainable because of their size, a fact of particular importance for smaller starfish. N. delesserti reaches a size where it is immune to predation by solitary starfish but even the largest limpets can be captured and consumed by starfish groups. Thus co-operative prey capture overcomes the normal prey size limits. A. rupicola also broods its eggs and young and is unusual in feeding on prey while still carrying brooded young. These unusual features may be related to the extremely isolated nature of the starfish's habitat, to its very slow growth and high longevity, and to its low incidence of brooding.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Co-operative prey capture and unusual brooding habits of Anasterias rupicola (Verrill) (Asteroidea) at sub-Antarctic Marion Island

Blankley¹,

Branch²

1984

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Brooding may reduce parental fitness by limiting mobility and increasing vulnerability to predators (Strathmann 1985, Bosch & Slattery 1999. This limited mobility may also prevent or reduce feeding, leading to the use of somatic reserves (Chia 1969, Nimitz 1971, Menge 1974, 1975, Harrold & Pearse 1980, Hendler & Franz 1982, Jangoux 1982, Doughty & Shine 1997. Whereas reproductive investment is limited to the period of gametogenesis in species with pelagic larvae (Thorson 1950, Mileikovsky 1971, brooding parents also pay energetic costs for maintenance during brooding.…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A well-known example is the genus Leptasterias in northern temperate to Arctic regions (Fisher 1930, Chia 1969, Menge 1974, 1975, O'Brien 1976, Hendler & Franz 1982, Himmelman et al 1982, Boivin et al 1986, Chia & Walker 1991, Hamel & Mercier 1995. Leptasterias species brood during cold periods (Chia 1966, Himmelman et al 1982, and most are small (e.g.…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in biochemical composition, energy content and allocation to reproductive effort in the brooding sea star Leptasterias polaris

Raymond¹,

Himmelman

Guderley³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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ABSTRACT:We assessed sex differences in reproductive investment of the brooding sea star Leptasterias polaris (in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada) by examining the biochemical composition and energetic content of the principal body components in 3 contrasting periods: just before spawning, after spawning and after brooding. The reproductive effort for a standard sea star with an underwater mass of 10 g (equivalent to 8.2 cm in radius) was similar for both sexes (15.1 kJ in males and 12.2 kJ in females). However, the sexes differed in how energy was allocated for reproduction. The energy loss due to gamete release was almost 4-fold greater for males (15.1 kJ) than females (4.1 kJ). The major reproductive expenditure in females came from maintenance costs during the prolonged brooding period (8.1 kJ). For the body wall and stomach, lipid, protein and energy contents were similar for males and females over the spawning and brooding periods. The ratio of males to females in the population was 1:1 in smaller size classes but was about 2:1 for individuals measuring >11 cm in radius. This is possibly explained by slower somatic growth of females due to the repeated use of energetic reserves and lack of feeding during the 5 to 6 mo brooding period. The replenishment of body wall carbohydrates in males during the winter (not observed in females) suggests that males feed during this period.KEY WORDS: Sea star · Leptasterias polaris · Brooding · Proximate biochemical composition · Reproductive effort · Gulf of St. Lawrence Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 283: [179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190] 2004 Comparisons of energy reserves before and after reproduction will reflect the energetic costs of reproduction (Doughty & Shine 1997).Asteroids show 3 types of larval development: pelagic planktotrophic larvae, pelagic lecithotrophic larvae, or lecithotrophic development of embryos brooded by the females (Thorson 1946, 1950, Mileikovsky 1971, Lawrence & Herrera 2000. Brooding is often considered a response to limited food resources and is more common in small asteroids: the small size may mean that they cannot produce sufficient gametes to ensure successful external fertilisation (Menge 1974). An alternative hypothesis is that the small size of brooders optimises brood number relative to female body size (Strathmann & Strathman 1982, Strathmann 1985. This suggests that brooding is an unlikely strategy for large animals because the relative surface area for brooding decreases with increasing body size. Brooding may reduce parental fitness by limiting mobility and increasing vulnerability to predators (Strathmann 1985, Bosch & Slattery 1999. This limited mobility may also prevent or reduce feeding, leading to the use of somatic reserves (Chia 1969, Nimitz 1971, Menge 1974, 1975, Harrold & Pearse 1980, Hendler & Franz 1982, Jangoux 1982, Doughty & Shine 1997. Whereas reproductive investment is limited to the period of game...

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“…Brooding in A. antarctica from Beagle Channel occurs during the coldest months of the year (austral winter), as it was reported for other populations (Gil et al, 2011;Laptikhovsky et al, 2015) and also for other asteroid such as Leptasterias polaris (Himmelman et al, 1982) and Leptasterias tenera (Hendler & Franz, 1982). During brooding and non-brooding period, there were females in two reproductive conditions simultaneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Reproductive biology and energetics of the brooding sea star Anasterias antarctica (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

Pérez¹,

Fraysse

Boy

et al. 2017

RBT

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The brooding sea star Anasterias antarctica is distributed from the coast of Patagonia to the northern Peninsula of Antarctica. In the Beagle Channel, the females of A. antarctica brood their eggs for seven months and do not feed during this period. The endoparasite Dendrogaster argentinensis (Crustacea: Ascothoracica) causes castration in several species of Anasterias. We randomly collected four samplings of adults in May, August and October (brooding period) and January (non-brooding period). The gonad (GI) and pyloric caeca index (PCI) were calculated as organ wet weight (g) x 100/total wet weight (g). Each individual was sexed by microscopic examination of the gonads. Sex ratio, brooding females/non-brooding females and mature females/non-mature females ratios was 1:1. The male GI reached maximum values in January, when most individuals were sexually mature. The GI of non-brooding females reached its maximum during October when it was significantly higher than those from brooding females. The PCI was minimum in October, being lower in brooding females (August and October). During the non-brooding period, mature females had a significantly higher GI than non-mature females. The PCI did not vary neither between males, nor between mature and non mature females. By the end of the brooding period, non-brooding females showed a higher GI than the brooding females. This is explained by proliferation and increase of the oocytes size of non-brooding females. Mature females showed an incremented GI with presence of mature oocytes, while non-mature females exhibited more abundance of previtelogenic oocytes. Males showed synchronicity in reproductive condition. The females that have not brooded presented a process of active gametogenesis, reaching the summer with a high GI, therefore becoming mature females. Females that had brooded were probably lacking energy for new gonadal maturation. The pyloric caeca would be performing the role of a reserve organ in the brooding females, decreasing its size during the brooding period. Prevalence of D. argentinensis in A. antarctica was 11.06%. As this parasite was recorded in sea stars lacking gonads, these infected hosts could have been castrated. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S221-S232. Epub 2017 November 01.

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THE BIOLOGY OF A BROODING SEASTAR,LEPTASTERIAS TENERA, IN BLOCK ISLAND SOUND

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Co-operative prey capture and unusual brooding habits of Anasterias rupicola (Verrill) (Asteroidea) at sub-Antarctic Marion Island

Co-operative prey capture and unusual brooding habits of Anasterias rupicola (Verrill) (Asteroidea) at sub-Antarctic Marion Island

Sex differences in biochemical composition, energy content and allocation to reproductive effort in the brooding sea star Leptasterias polaris

Reproductive biology and energetics of the brooding sea star Anasterias antarctica (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

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