The Biology, Behavior, and Morphology of Praon Palitans Muesebeck, an Internal Parasite of the Spotted Alfalfa Aphid, Therioaphis Maculata (Buckton) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae)1

Schlinger, Evert I.; Hall, Jack C.

doi:10.1093/aesa/53.2.144

Cited by 81 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In our study, it was found that when the egg was laid inside the host after Ϸ1Ð1.5 h, length measurements (micropyle end to nonmicropyle end), as ratios, increased from 1.13 Ϯ 0.01 to 1.67 Ϯ 0.03. Swelling also was observed in the hydropic egg of Praon palitans Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (Schlinger and Hall 1960), Cotesia vestalis (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (Yu et al 2008), and Opius caricivorae Fischer (Xu et al 2007). Additionally, King et al (1969) described that the hydropic chorion of the micorgastrine braconid Cotesia glomerata (L.) (ϭApanteles glomeratus) was reduced in thickness and complexity compared with the anhydropic chorion of the pteromalid Nasonia vitripennis (Walker).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

External Morphology and Development of Immature Stages of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), an Important Endoparasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Huang

Shi

Yè

et al. 2009

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diadegma semiclausum (Hellén) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is one of the most important biological control agents of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Each immature stage of D. semiclausum was studied by dissecting parasitized hosts in the laboratory at 22 ± 1°C and 70–75% RH. Results show that the egg is hymenopteriform, lacking appendages. The larvae seem to be hypermetamorphic, with four instars. The pupal period has two distinct phases: 1) phase I, larval-like with remarkable groups of urate cells; and 2) phase II, exarate pupal appearance with a pigmentation sequence of eyes, ocelli, mandibles, thorax, abdomen, and antennae. All stages and sequences are illustrated with detailed photomicrographs.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

External Morphology and Development of Immature Stages of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), an Important Endoparasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Huang

Shi

Yè

et al. 2009

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The evidence supporting this theory comes mainly from gregarious parasitoids (Green et al 1982;King 1989;Heimpel 1994;Morgan and Cook 1994;Hardy et al 1998) and fig wasps (West and Herre 1998); however, several assumptions underlying LMC models are met, at least in part, in species with quasigregarious broods. In particular, aphidiine males can successfully inseminate from eight to ten females (Schlinger and Hall 1960;Mishra and Singh 1993), whereas females mate only once (Tripathi and Singh 1990). Although the mean development time does not generally differ between males and females developing under similar conditions, males are often the first as well as the last individuals to eclose (Mackauer and Henkelman 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brood-size and sex-ratio variation in field populations of three species of solitary aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae)

Mackauer

Völkl

2002

Oecologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Solitary parasitoids of colony-forming hosts may produce quasi-gregarious broods, which favours sibmating on the natal patch and local mate competition (LMC). We examined seasonal variations in brood size and sex ratio in three species of solitary parasitoids of aphids associated with trophobiotic ants. Adialytus arvicola, a parasitoid of Sipha agropyrella on grasses, had the smallest broods (mean=4.2, maximum 19), while Lysiphlebus hirticornis, a parasitoid of Metopeurum fuscoviride on tansy, had the largest broods (mean=32.0, maximum 265). In Pauesia pini, a parasitoid of Cinara piceicola on Norway spruce, broods comprised an average of 5.8 (maximum 41) individuals; brood size increased during early summer when hosts became more available but remained the same later in the season. In all three species the sex ratio at eclosion was female-biased, with broods containing approximately two daughters for each son in both A. arvicola and L. hirticornis; the degree of female-bias was least in P. pini. The sex ratio did not vary with brood size. In A. arvicola, the variance of the number of sons declined with an increase in brood size, consistent with "precise" sex allocation. In contrast, in L. hirticornis, the overall sex-ratio variance was greater than its binomial expectation, while it did not differ from binomial in P. pini. A large proportion of broods contained only sons or only daughters, especially in A. arvicola. An excess of male-only broods is expected if constrained females (which can produce only sons) contribute offspring prior to mating. The number of male-only broods, however, did not differ from the number expected if all females are mated and allocate offspring sexes binomially, except in P. pini. In the latter species, broods with two daughters (as opposed to two sons) exceeded binomial expectations. We propose that P. pini is largely outbreeding, while the strongly female-biased sex ratio in A. arvicola and L. hirticornis is consistent with partial sibmating and LMC. Ant-parasitoid interactions could account for a different population mating structure in the three parasitoid species. Both A. arvicola and L. hirticornis mimic the epicuticular hydrocarbon pattern of their aphid hosts. Eclosing wasps are ignored by honeydew-collecting ants and hence can mate and forage on the natal patch. In contrast, P. pini generally depart the mummy area to avoid attacks by trophobiotic ants and mate off patch.

show abstract

“…In the pteromalid, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae, ca a 30 min interval between matings is required for sperm replenishment (NADEL & LUCK, 1985), and in Pteromalus venustus, an hourly interval is suf cient (TEPEDINO, 1993). Even though sperm depletion was probable in late matings in rapid succession, females would still gain a suf cient amount of sperm if males mated freely with females (SCHLINGER & HALL, 1960. In the present study, C. glomerata males were freely allowed to copulate Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…In another braconid wasp, Heterospilis prosopidi s, males were able to inseminate seven to eight females in a short period of 3 h (JONES, 1982). However, if males mated with several females in succession, sperm might become depleted and thus a suf cient amount might not be transferred to females in later matings (SCHLINGER & HALL, 1960NADEL & LUCK, 1985;MISHRA & SINGH, 1991). In the pteromalid, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae, ca a 30 min interval between matings is required for sperm replenishment (NADEL & LUCK, 1985), and in Pteromalus venustus, an hourly interval is suf cient (TEPEDINO, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male Insemination Capability in the Parasitoid Wasp, Cotesia Glomerata L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Tagawa¹

2002

Neth J Zool

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The insemination capability of males of the parasitoid wasp, Cotesia glomerata L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was investigated under laboratory conditions. When single males were kept with ve or ten virgin females, most males were able to inseminate almost all females within 1 day. However, when kept with 20 females, no males were able to inseminate all accompanying females within one day. The mean number of inseminations per male was 14, and the number of inseminations was not affected by male weight nor by the sex ratio of the cluster from which the male emerged. When newly emerged adults were kept with cocoon clusters from which they had emerged, on average nearly 75% of females were inseminated within 1 day; in some clusters, all females were successfully inseminated. Within a cluster, the number of inseminated females per male was not in uenced by male weight nor by the sex ratio of the cluster. Therefore, each male of C. glomerata was considered to be equally capable of inseminating females, regardless of his origin. When males were offered ten virgin females daily, the number of inseminations per day began to decrease within a few days. No males lived more than 2 weeks, and for many males the total number of inseminations during their lifetime exceeded 30. A male's capability to inseminate females highly exceeded the common sex ratios of cocoon clusters and was considered to re ect the mating structure of this species.

show abstract

The Biology, Behavior, and Morphology of Praon Palitans Muesebeck, an Internal Parasite of the Spotted Alfalfa Aphid, Therioaphis Maculata (Buckton) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae)1

Cited by 81 publications

References 0 publications

External Morphology and Development of Immature Stages of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), an Important Endoparasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

External Morphology and Development of Immature Stages of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), an Important Endoparasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Brood-size and sex-ratio variation in field populations of three species of solitary aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae)

Male Insemination Capability in the Parasitoid Wasp, Cotesia Glomerata L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About