The Biology and the Evolutionary Dynamics of Diarrheagenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Pathotypes

Lawal, Opeyemi U; Parreira, Valeria R.; Goodridge, Lawrence

doi:10.5772/intechopen.101567

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 186 publications

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“…These pathotypes have diversified their niche beyond the colon and into the small intestine, urinary tract, and meninges leading to diarrheal diseases, urinary tract infection (UTI), meningitis, and sepsis. Pathotypes have several morphological adaptations which aid in colonization and adhesion which help them establish themselves ( Lawal et al., 2022 ). Escherichia coli is the most frequent cause of urinary tract infections and has been identified as the causative agent behind the disease in every anatomical site of the body leading to appendicitis, pneumonia, gastrointestinal infections, skin abscesses, endocarditis, meningitis, and intra-amniotic and puerperal infections in pregnant women ( Galindo-Méndez, 2020 ).…”

Section: Pathogenesis In Escherichia Coli and The ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials to address the genesis of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli

Kaushik

Sarkar

Singh

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Escherichia is a genus of prokaryotic gram-negative bacteria which forms a vital component of the gut microbiota of homeotherms including humans. Many members of this genus are commensals and pathogenic strains, which are responsible for some of the most common bacterial infections and can be fatal, particularly in the case of newborns and children. The fecal matter in wastewater treatment plants serves as major environmental sinks for the accumulation of Escherichia. The rise in antibiotic pollution and the lateral gene exchange of antibiotic-resistant genes have created antibiotic-resistant Escherichia strains that are often called superbugs. Antibiotic resistance has reached a crisis level that nowadays existing antibiotics are no longer effective. One way of tackling this emerging concern is by using nanomaterials. Punitively, nanomaterials can be used by conjugating with antibodies, biomolecules, and peptides to reduce antibiotic usage, whereas, preventatively, they can be used as either nano-antimicrobial additives or nano-photocatalytic sheets to reduce the microbial population and target the superbugs of environmental Escherichia. In this review, we have explored the threat posed by pathogenic Escherichia strains in the environment, especially in the context of antibiotic-resistant strains. Along with this, we have discussed some nanomaterial-mediated strategies in which the problem can be addressed by using nanomaterials as nanophotocatalytics, antimicrobial additives, drugs, and drug conjugates. This review also presents a brief overview of the ecological threats posed by the overuse of nanomaterials which warrants a balanced and judicious approach to the problem.

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Section: Pathogenesis In Escherichia Coli and The ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials to address the genesis of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli

Kaushik

Sarkar

Singh

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Prevalence of virulence genes among Escherichia coli strains isolated from food and carcass swabs of different animal origins in Croatia

Stojević

Humski

Mikulić

et al. 2022

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction Escherichia coli is present in the normal intestinal flora but some strains can cause intestinal and extraintestinal diseases, and research on its presence in food of animal origin is in the interests of public health. This study was designed to characterise E. coli strains according to their origin, their carriage of virulence genes specific for certain pathogroups, and phylogenetic group affiliation. Material and Methods The study was carried out on 100 E. coli strains isolated from food samples of various animal origin as well as pig and cattle carcass swabs. Isolation of the strains was performed using two methods. One method included colony count and the other an overnight enrichment of the samples. Isolation was followed by DNA extraction and detection of virulence genes and phylogenetic group with conventional and multiplex PCRs. Results In this study, the most prevalent gene was EAST1 (20%) and strains which carried it were identified as enteroadherent E. coli. Other pathogroups were represented in lower incidences. Phylogenetic group analysis revealed the prevalence of the A and B1 groups, with B1 mainly present in game and cattle strains, while the majority of pig and poultry strains were assigned to group A. Conclusion This study provides an overview of the presence of potentially pathogenic strains and E. coli phylogenetic groups in Croatia, for which the data are limited. Further microbiological and molecular research is required to examine the epidemiological situation in the country.

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The Biology and the Evolutionary Dynamics of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Pathotypes

Cited by 2 publications

References 186 publications

Nanomaterials to address the genesis of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli

Nanomaterials to address the genesis of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli

Prevalence of virulence genes among Escherichia coli strains isolated from food and carcass swabs of different animal origins in Croatia

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