THE BIOLOGY AND GENETICS OF THE GENUS <i>RHODOCOCCUS</i>

Finnerty, W. R.

doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.46.100192.001205

Cited by 258 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…This capability could be of great commercial and industrial importance. Rhodococcus are aerobic, Gram-positive, nonmotile, nocardioform actinomycetes, with a life cycle alternating between cocci and small rods, sometimes showing small filamentous projections (7).…”

Section: Production Of Biosurfactant By Hydrocarbon Degrading Rhodocomentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of biosurfactant by hydrocarbon degrading Rhodococcus ruber and Rhodococcus erythropolis

1999

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There is world wide concern about the liberation of hydrocarbons in the environment, both from industrial activities and from accidental spills of oil and oil-related compounds. Biosurfactants, which are natural emulsifiers of hydrocarbons, are produced by some bacteria, fungi and yeast. They are polymers, totally or partially extracellular, with an amphipathyc structure, which allows them to form micelles that accumulate at the interface between liquids of different polarities such as water and oil. This process is based upon the ability of biosurfactants to reduce surface tension, blocking the formation of hydrogen bridges and certain hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. The ability of biosurfactant production by five strains of Rhodococcus isolated from oil prospecting sites was evaluated. Surface tension measurement and emulsifying index were used to quantify biosurfactant production. The influence of environmental conditions was also investigated pH, temperature, medium composition, and type of carbon source on cell growth and biosurfactant production. Strain AC 239 was shown to be a potential producer, attaining 63% of emulsifying index for a Diesel-water binary system. It could be used, either directly on oil spills in contained environments, or for the biotechnological production of biosurfactant. removal from the environment. These bio-molecules are produced by several strains of bacteria and fungi. Bushnell and Haas (1) were among the first to demonstrate bacterial production of biosurfactants by isolating Corynebacterium simplex and strains of Pseudomonas in a mineral media, containing either kerosene, mineral oil or paraffin. The genus Rhodococcus bacteria with a diverse and efficient metabolism is also able to transform, biodegrade or utilize as carbon source several hydrophobic compounds such as hydrocarbons, chlorinated phenols, steroids, lignin, coal and crude Revista de Microbiologia (1999) 30:231-236

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Section: Production Of Biosurfactant By Hydrocarbon Degrading Rhodocomentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of biosurfactant by hydrocarbon degrading Rhodococcus ruber and Rhodococcus erythropolis

1999

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“…Members of the genus Rhodococcus are metabolically extraordinarily versatile (Finnerty, 1992;Warhurst & Fewson, 1994); exhibit slow growth rates but stable cell numbers (Golovlev, 1995), high tolerance to dryness and starvation (Koronelli et al, 1988;Robertson & Batt, 1973), weak catabolic repression by glucose (Warhurst & Fewson, 1994), and long-lasting induction levels in the absence of substrate (Cain, 1981;Dugan & Golovlev, 1983). Another characteristic that enables rhodococci to act as dominant degraders is their extraordinary ability to adapt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A linear megaplasmid, p1CP, carrying the genes for chlorocatechol catabolism of Rhodococcus opacus 1CP

et al. 2004

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The Gram-positive actinobacterium Rhodococcus opacus 1CP is able to utilize several (chloro)aromatic compounds as sole carbon sources, and gene clusters for various catabolic enzymes and pathways have previously been identified. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicates the occurrence of a 740 kb megaplasmid, designated p1CP. Linear topology and the presence of covalently bound proteins were shown by the unchanged electrophoretic mobility after S1 nuclease treatment and by the immobility of the native plasmid during non-denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. Sequence comparisons of both termini revealed a perfect 13 bp terminal inverted repeat (TIR) as part of an imperfect 583/587 bp TIR, as well as two copies of the highly conserved centre (GCTXCGC) of a palindromic motif. An initial restriction analysis of p1CP was performed. By means of PCR and hybridization techniques, p1CP was screened for several genes encoding enzymes of (chloro)aromatic degradation. A single maleylacetate reductase gene macA, the clc gene cluster for 4-chloro-/3,5-dichlorocatechol degradation, and the clc2 gene cluster for 3-chlorocatechol degradation were found on p1CP whereas the cat and pca gene clusters for the catechol and the protocatechuate pathways, respectively, were not. Prolonged cultivation of the wild-type strain 1CP under non-selective conditions led to the isolation of the clc-and clc2-deficient mutants 1CP.01 and 1CP.02 harbouring the shortened plasmid variants p1CP.01 (500 kb) and p1CP.02 (400 kb).

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“…Optou-se por utilizar essa bactéria gram-positiva, não patogênica, aeróbia e unicelular (Stratton, Brooks & Serviour, 2002), que possui hidrofobicidade (Finnerty, 1992) e propriedades anfóteras (Mesquita, 2000apud Bueno, 2007. Características que tornam esse microrganismo um potencial agente de sorção.…”

Section: Procedência E Preparo Da Biomassaunclassified

Biossorção de metais presentes na DAM utilizando Rhodococcus opacus

Silvas

Buzzi

Espinosa

et al. 2011

Rem: Rev. Esc. Minas

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ResumoO presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a biossorção de metais presentes em uma amostra sintética de drenagem ácida de mina, determinando o tempo de equilíbrio, a quantidade de metal captado e removido e, também, as mudanças ocorridas na biomassa. Para tanto, os ensaios foram realizados mantendo-se constantes a temperatura (25°C), o pH (2,6), a concentração de biomassa (1g.L -1 ) e sob agitação de 175rpm. Como biossorvente foi utilizada uma massa fixa de bactérias gram-positivas Rhodococcus opacus no estágio de morte que foi crescida em meio YMA (yeast mannitol agar), durante 24h, a 28°C e sob agitação de 150rpm. Após o processo biossortivo as amostras foram centrifugadas: o sobrenadante foi analisado através de análise de absorção atômica e a biomassa foi caracterizada através análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados mostraram que a captação máxima ocorre em torno de 1 minuto e representa 48,2mg.g -1 , o que corresponde a aproximadamente 11,7% de remoção. As mudanças verificadas nas análises de MEV indicam que houve interação entre os íons metálicos e a biomassa. Palavras-chaves:

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THE BIOLOGY AND GENETICS OF THE GENUS RHODOCOCCUS

Cited by 258 publications

References 67 publications

Production of biosurfactant by hydrocarbon degrading Rhodococcus ruber and Rhodococcus erythropolis

Production of biosurfactant by hydrocarbon degrading Rhodococcus ruber and Rhodococcus erythropolis

A linear megaplasmid, p1CP, carrying the genes for chlorocatechol catabolism of Rhodococcus opacus 1CP

Biossorção de metais presentes na DAM utilizando Rhodococcus opacus

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