The biological variation, index of individuality, and reference change value for hematological and blood chemical analytes in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

Regional differences in the biological variability of plantar pressure as a basis for refining diagnostic gait analysis

“…followed by indices characterising each mask for the entire group of participants: the intraindividual mean, representing the group-wide average values for each mask, the intra-individual variation (𝑉 𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎 ) representing the mean CV for "trial-by-trial" values of a given participant's index, and the inter-individual variation (𝑉 𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 ) representing the CV for the means of these values from all participants, according to the formulae: intra-individual mean 𝐴 𝑚 = 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛(IM 𝑖,𝑗 ) 𝑚 (9) intra-individual variation 𝑉 𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎 = 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛(𝐼𝐶𝑉 𝑖,𝑗 ) 𝑚 (10) inter-individual variation 𝑉 𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝐶𝑉(IM 𝑖,𝑗 ) 𝑚 (11) where: inumber assigned to a particular participant, jfoot (left or right), mmask. To characterise the diversity in the distributions of the values of the pmp index across the masks, we juxtaposed 𝐴 with 𝑉 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 , taking into account the standard deviations of the sets of means (IM) and CVs (ICV) of each participant's measurement series.…”

“…With this in mind, determining the ratio between the contribution of intra-and inter-individual variability can be used to calculate the so-called index of individuality. This index allows for an estimation of the expected degree of variation of the descriptors of bodily functions in individuals, the criteria for diagnostic assessment of the measured parameters, and determines how the criteria should be calculatedthe greater the individuality of the descriptors, the more the calculation of these criteria should rely on individual-based variation and less on population-based variation, and vice versa [9,10,11]. Awareness of the need to account for biological variation in diagnostic analysis usually comes from researchers working in biochemical diagnostics [12].…”

Regional differences in the biological variability of plantar pressure as a basis for refining diagnostic gait analysis

“…With this in mind, determining the ratio between the contribution of intra- and inter-individual variability can be used to calculate the so-called index of individuality 10 . This index allows for an estimation of the expected degree of variation of the descriptors of bodily functions in individuals, the criteria for diagnostic assessment of the measured parameters, and determines how the criteria should be calculated—the greater the individuality of the descriptors, the more the calculation of these criteria should rely on individual-based variation and less on population-based variation, and vice versa 9 – 11 . Probability calculation provided characteristic values of this index for determining how to proceed with a diagnostic assessment.…”