The biological mechanism of air ion action: The effect of CO2+ in inhaled air on the blood level of 5-hydroxytryptamine in mice

Krueger, A. P.; Andriese, Paul C.; Kotaka, S.

doi:10.1007/bf02189177

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Improbably large reductions in the serotonin content of the trachea were reported for negative air ion exposure, with SMDs of 2.8 after 14-h exposures and 4.4 after continuous exposures of unspecified duration [ 71 ]. In later studies, the Krueger laboratory measured serotonin levels in the blood of mice exposed in groups of 2–12 [ 72 – 74 ], and in the brains of mice exposed in groups of 10–12 [ 75 ]. One of these experiments reported modest to strong evidence for an increase in the serotonin level in the blood of mice exposed to positive air ions generated from air supplemented with carbon dioxide gas [ 72 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of laboratory animals to small air ions: a systematic review of biological and behavioral studies

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAir ions are molecules of air that have become ionized—that is, they have either lost or gained an electrical charge. Past speculation has suggested that exposure to positive air ions may be harmful to one’s health, while exposure to negative air ions may be associated with beneficial health effects. Air ions arise from natural sources as well as direct-current transmission lines and commercial ionizers. Several recent clinical studies have suggested therapeutic effects of air ions on various types of depression at exposure levels 10- to 1000-fold higher than most previous human studies. The aim of this study was to assess the evidence from studies of laboratory animals for beneficial or adverse effects of air ions on health.MethodsSixty-two studies (1935–2015) in nine topics areas were evaluated for quality and potential systematic bias by ARRIVE guidelines. Standardized mean differences or proportional differences between exposed and control groups were computed for 44 studies to quantitatively assess the strength of the evidence for exposure-related effects.ResultsMany of the studies were conducted before 1990 and exhibited various reporting and methodological deficiencies, including small sample size, failure to control for the influence of potential confounding variables, lack of randomized assignment to treatment groups and blinded analyses, and statistical errors relating to treating group-exposed animals as individuals. The highest quality studies consistently reported no effects of exposure on any of the endpoints examined. There were no evident dose–response relationships within or across studies.ConclusionsExperimental studies of laboratory animals exposed to positive and negative air ions for minutes to years over a five-log unit range of intensities did not suggest any consistent or reliable effects on measures of behavior, learning and memory, neurotransmitters, tracheal function, respiratory infection, cardiovascular function, reproduction and growth, carcinogenesis, or other health endpoints. These data do not provide evidence of adverse or beneficial effects of air ion exposure on health, and did not suggest any biological mechanism of interaction, except perhaps for mechanosensory stimulation of body surfaces by static electric fields at high air ion concentrations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12938-018-0499-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of laboratory animals to small air ions: a systematic review of biological and behavioral studies

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar results were obtained using isolated strips of tracheal tissue. Blood levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine seem to be related to the mechanism by which these effects are induced (10) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Ciliary Mucus Transport in a Closed Cabin Atmosphere

Sonnenburg¹

1964

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In rodents exposures to positive and negative ions have been reported to affect the mucociliary functions of the trachea and respiration via the release and metabolism of 5HT [Krueger and Smith, 1960a,b] and to influence the concentration of 5HT directly in brain tissue [Krueger and Kotaka, 1966;Gilbert, 1973;Diamond et al, 19801, and blood [Krueger et al, 1963[Krueger et al, , 1966. In humans, increased 5HT in urine has been reported to be associated with the onset of naturally occuring "ion-winds" [Sulman et al, 1974;19751.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…During the past 25 years physiological and biochemical data have been reported that implicate biological systems releasing serotonin (5HT) as those that can be affected by exposure to charged air molecules (air ions). In rodents exposures to positive and negative ions have been reported to affect the mucociliary functions of the trachea and respiration via the release and metabolism of 5HT [Krueger and Smith, 1960a,b] and to influence the concentration of 5HT directly in brain tissue [Krueger and Kotaka, 1966;Gilbert, 1973;Diamond et al, 19801, and blood [Krueger et al, 1963[Krueger et al, , 1966 In humans, increased 5HT in urine has been reported to be associated with the onset of naturally occuring "ion-winds" [Sulman et al, 1974;19751. However, critical reviews of these studies indicate that neither the data nor the interpretations of the data are particularly convincing [Bailey et al, 1983;Charry, 19841.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional turnover of norepinephrine and dopamine in rat brain following acute exposure to air ions

Charry

Bailey

1985

Bioelectromagnetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure to air ions has been reported to influence serotonin (5HT), although critical reviews of these studies and previous measurements in our laboratory of the concentration, release, and utilization of brain 5HT indicate that neither the data nor the interpretations of the data are particularly convincing. Measurements of other possibly relevant neurotransmitter systems--norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA)--were made in brain regions selected because of their importance in the modulation of brain functions relating to motivation, arousal, endocrine function, and motor activity, all responses that have been reported to be influenced by air ion exposure. Results indicate that exposure of male Holtzman rats to high concentrations (5.0 X 10(5)/cm3) of positive or negative air ions or to DC electric fields (3.0 kV/m) for periods up to 66 h failed to affect the concentration of NE or DA significantly in any of the brain regions.

show abstract

The biological mechanism of air ion action: The effect of CO2+ in inhaled air on the blood level of 5-hydroxytryptamine in mice

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Exposure of laboratory animals to small air ions: a systematic review of biological and behavioral studies

Exposure of laboratory animals to small air ions: a systematic review of biological and behavioral studies

Studies of Ciliary Mucus Transport in a Closed Cabin Atmosphere

Regional turnover of norepinephrine and dopamine in rat brain following acute exposure to air ions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About