The Biological Efficacy of Natural Products against Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases in the Oral Region

Ara, Toshiaki; Nakatani, Sachie; Kobata, Kenji; Sogawa, Norio; Sogawa, Chiharu

doi:10.3390/medicines5040122

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…The structural variation in ring C subdivides flavonoids into six main subclasses: flavonols (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin), flavones (e.g., luteolin, apigenin), flavanols (e.g., catechin), flavanones (e.g., hesperetin), anthocyanidins (e.g., cyanidin, pelargonidin), and isoflavones (e.g., genistein, daidzein) [ 93 ].…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Molecules Of Medicinal Plants and Mechamentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants as Sources of Anti-Inflammatory Agents

et al. 2020

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Plants represent the main source of molecules for the development of new drugs, which intensifies the interest of transnational industries in searching for substances obtained from plant sources, especially since the vast majority of species have not yet been studied chemically or biologically, particularly concerning anti-inflammatory action. Anti-inflammatory drugs can interfere in the pathophysiological process of inflammation, to minimize tissue damage and provide greater comfort to the patient. Therefore, it is important to note that due to the existence of a large number of species available for research, the successful development of new naturally occurring anti-inflammatory drugs depends mainly on a multidisciplinary effort to find new molecules. Although many review articles have been published in this regard, the majority presented the subject from a limited regional perspective. Thus, the current article presents highlights from the published literature on plants as sources of anti-inflammatory agents.

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Section: Anti-inflammatory Molecules Of Medicinal Plants and Mechamentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants as Sources of Anti-Inflammatory Agents

et al. 2020

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“…Gingivitis is initiated by infections caused by periodontal anaerobic pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), which are present in the oral biofilms, leading to prolonged inflammatory reactions in the gingival tissue (2). Without the mechanical removal of biofilm and/or supplemental treatment with antibiotics, the retraction of the gingiva occurs, followed by the resorption of the alveolar bone, and tooth loss (periodontitis) due to the chronic inflammation induced by inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) (3,4). Furthermore, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by immune cells is the cause for the aggravation of gingival tissue injury (5).…”

Section: Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of herbal extracts consisting of plant-derived herbs have been used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as stomatitis due to their wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects, few side-effects and low costs (3)(4)(5). For the clinical treatment of periodontitis, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are systemically administered for the treatment of gingival inflammations (4,8). However, NSAIDs often elicit side-effects, such as gastrointestinal dysfunction and bronchoconstriction (4).…”

Section: Evidence Of the Inhibitory Effect Of Various Naturally Occurmentioning

confidence: 99%

The preventive and therapeutic application of garlic and other plant ingredients in the treatment of periodontal diseases (Review)

Ohtani

Nishimura

2019

Exp Ther Med

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Since ancient times, pharmacologically active ingredients derived from natural sources, including plants and microbials have been used in the treatment of a wide array of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and cancers. Herbal extracts and polyphenols are produced from herbs that contain a variety of ingredients, most of which exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-microbial actions. Gingivitis is triggered by the infection of the periodontal tissues with periodontal disease-causing pathogens present in the dental biofilm. This is accompanied by weak inflammatory immune reactions in the gingiva. In periodontitis, prolonged and excessive inflammation results in the destruction of gingival connective tissue and in the resorption of alveolar bone, leading to tooth loss. There are a number of clinical reports showing the effectiveness of both herbal extracts and polyphenols on periodontal diseases when applied as a mouthwash or dentifrice into the oral cavity. However, to date, at least to the best of our knowledge, there is no clinical report available on the therapeutic effects of garlic or its extract on periodontal diseases, apart from a recent study, which reported that the intake of aged garlic extract (AGE) containing various pharmacologically active sulfur compounds, alleviated the symptoms of gingivitis clinically. The finding suggests that AGE may be a promising candidate for use in the treatment of periodontal diseases, although additional clinical trials are warranted to confirm this. In addition, further studies are required for the clarification of the basic molecular mechanisms through which AGE attenuates gingivitis. In this review, we summarize the beneficial effects of several natural compounds on periodontal disease and describe the possible applications of garlic ingredients in detail. Contents 1. Periodontal disease 2. Evidence of the inhibitory effect of various naturally occurring products on gingivitis and periodontitis 3. Conclusions and future perspectives

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“…Because kankyo is subjected to heat processing, kankyo contains a larger amount of shogaols than shokyo as shown in Supplemental Figure 1. Among them, 6-shogaol is one of the bioactive components, and was reported to reduce PGE 2 production (Ara et al, 2018). Indeed, kankyo contained 1.7-times the amount of 6-shogaol as shokyo (approximately 60 nM and 100 nM 6-shogaol in 100 µg/ml of shokyo and kankyo, respectively).…”

Section: /19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Effects of shokyo (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and kankyo (Zingiberis Processum Rhizoma) on prostaglandin E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-treated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells (v0.1)"

2019

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We previously reported that shokyo and kankyo, which are water-extracted fractions of ginger, reduced LPS-induced PGE 2 production in human gingival fibroblasts. In this study, we examined the effects of these herbs on LPS-treated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Both shokyo and kankyo reduced LPS-induced PGE 2 production in a concentrationdependent manner. Shokyo and kankyo did not inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, nor did they alter the expression of molecules in the arachidonic acid cascade. In addition, these herbs did not alter NF-κB p65 translocation into nucleus, or phosphorylation of p65 or ERK. These results suggest that shokyo and kankyo inhibit cPLA 2 activity. Although 6shogaol produced similar results to those of shokyo and kankyo, the concentration of 6shogaol required for the reduction of PGE 2 production were higher than those of 6-shogaol in shokyo and kankyo. Therefore, several gingerols and shogaols other than 6-shogaol may play a role in the reduction of LPS-induced PGE 2 production. Thus, 6-shogaol, and other gingerols and shogaols inhibit cPLA 2 activity and reduce LPS-induced PGE 2 production via a different mechanism from traditional anti-inflammatory drugs. Moreover, kampo medicines that contain shokyo or kankyo are considered to be effective for inflammatory diseases.

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The Biological Efficacy of Natural Products against Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases in the Oral Region

Cited by 24 publications

References 114 publications

Plants as Sources of Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Plants as Sources of Anti-Inflammatory Agents

The preventive and therapeutic application of garlic and other plant ingredients in the treatment of periodontal diseases (Review)

Peer Review #1 of "Effects of shokyo (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and kankyo (Zingiberis Processum Rhizoma) on prostaglandin E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-treated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells (v0.1)"

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