The biological effects of terahertz wave radiation-induced injury on neural stem cells

0.263 terahertz irradiation induced genes expression changes in Caenorhabditis elegans

“… 12 , 13 THz irradiation with an average power of 25 mW/cm 2 and 50 mW/cm 2 resulted in proliferative disorder, abnormal DNA damage repair, and increased apoptosis of neural stem cells. 14 The 0.12 THz wave with a power of 10 mW or the 0.157 THz wave with a power of 50 mW could also induce significant apoptosis in primary hippocampal neurons. 15 Hence, the alleged biosafety of THz does not necessarily mean there is no negative impact at all.…”

Flexible CNT-MXene-CNT Film with Low Surface Conductance for High- and Low-Power Electromagnetic Absorption Protection

“…However, the electronic devices working in this band are more sensitive to strong electromagnetic shocks. A slight THz pulse will distort the obtained signal in a large range, and in serious cases, it will cause equipment short circuits or even breakdowns, which has a great impact on the research and use of THz submillimeter-wave devices. − …”

“…In addition, high-power GHz and THz electromagnetic pulses will also cause great damage to the human body. − If long-term exposed to EMWs (electromagnetic waves) at ∼40 mW/cm 2 , the human body may produce potential adverse reactions, such as vertigo, vomiting, etc. EMWs also cause damage to the nervous system and metabolic function of the body .…”

“…EMWs also cause damage to the nervous system and metabolic function of the body. 12 The thermal and nonthermal effects of high-power THz waves and water may cause thermal damage to cells, destroy the repair mechanism of cells, even induce cell death, and greatly increase the probability of canceration. 13 Until now, mainstream EMI shielding materials include intrinsic conductive polymers (polypyrrole, 15 polyaniline, 16 and polythiophene 17 ), carbon-based materials (CNTs, 18 graphene, 19,20 rGO, 20−22 and carbon black 23 ), metallic nanomaterials (copper nanofilm, 24 silver nanowires, 25,26 and silver nanoparticles 27 ), and two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXene).…”

“…In addition, high-power GHz and THz electromagnetic pulses will also cause great damage to the human body. − If long-term exposed to EMWs (electromagnetic waves) at ∼40 mW/cm 2 , the human body may produce potential adverse reactions, such as vertigo, vomiting, etc. EMWs also cause damage to the nervous system and metabolic function of the body . The thermal and nonthermal effects of high-power THz waves and water may cause thermal damage to cells, destroy the repair mechanism of cells, even induce cell death, and greatly increase the probability of canceration …”