The biological effects of interleukin 6

Barton, Beverly E.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1128(199601)16:1<87::aid-med3>3.3.co;2-5

Cited by 51 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…IL-6 is a cytokine produced by immune cells, astrocytes, microglia and neurons. 33 It plays a key role in acute-phase protein synthesis, immune responses and infl ammatory processes. IL-6 also shows a number of anti-infl ammatory effects, such as induction of corticosteroid synthesis, and inhibition of IL-1β and TNF-α synthesis in vitro and in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effect of Chronic Treatment with Extracts from Rhodiola Rosea L. and Curcuma Longa L. on the Immunoreactivity of Animals Subjected to a Chronic Mild Stress Model

et al. 2017

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DP. Benefi cial eff ect of chronic treatment with extracts from Rhodiola rosea L. and Curcuma longa L. on the immunoreactivity of animals subjected to a chronic mild stress model. Folia Medica 2017;59(4): 443-53. doi: 10.1515/folmed-2017-0046 Background: Recent studies have suggested increased levels of pro-infl ammatory cytokines in depression. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the eff ect of extracts from Rhodiola and Curcuma on immunoreactivity of animals subjected to a chronic mild stress (CMS) model followed by lipopolysaccharide-induced infl ammation. Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats (n=56) divided in 7 groups were treated orally with: distilled water 10 ml/kg (control and CMS model groups); Rhodiola 250 mg/kg; Rhodiola 500 mg/kg; Curcuma 250 mg/kg; Curcuma 500 mg/kg, Rhodiola 250 mg/kg and Curcuma 250 mg/kg. All groups except the control were stressed daily according to a CMS protocol. Changes in glucose preference, weight gain and locomotor activity were recorded. In the sixth week the animals were challenged with LPS and rats' sera were obtained for ELISA evaluation of TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Results:The animals from the model group decreased their weight gain, glucose preference and locomotor activity compared to controls. The groups exposed to stress and treated with Rhodiola 500 mg/kg, Curcuma 500 mg/kg and their combination increased their locomotor activity compared to the model group. High expression of the pro-infl ammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were found in all groups exposed to CMS and challenged by LPS. Conclusions: The groups exposed to the stress procedure showed a variety of depression-like behavioral changes. In addition, ELISA tests showed that CMS is aff ecting rats' immunity by increasing the cytokines' levels. These changes could be reversed by administration of Rhodiola and Curcuma in combination suggesting synergic interaction regarding their anti-infl ammatory and anti-stress eff ects. BACKGROUND

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effect of Chronic Treatment with Extracts from Rhodiola Rosea L. and Curcuma Longa L. on the Immunoreactivity of Animals Subjected to a Chronic Mild Stress Model

et al. 2017

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“…TNF-α and IL-1β are known to stimulate IL-6 production, while IL-6 influences the synthesis of TNF-α and IL-1β (Brüünsgaard and Pedersen 2003;Barton 1996); thus, it is suggested that the levels of these cytokines may be directly associated. Indeed, our present findings confirm the previous report of a positive correlation between circulating levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in a healthy general population (Pantsulaia et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aging and menopause on serum interleukin-6 levels and peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytokine production in healthy nonobese women

Kim

Chae

Paik

et al. 2011

AGE

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Inappropriate interleukin-6 production is thought to play a role in the development of several age-related conditions including atherosclerosis. This study aimed to determine whether aging affects circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Healthy, nonobese women (n = 208, 44.5 ± 0.70 years, 22.4 ± 0.17 kg/m 2 ) were categorized into four age groups (22-31, 32-41, 42-51, and 52-63 years; crosssectional study). Cytokine levels in serum and those produced from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) were measured. The oldest group had the highest circulating levels of IL-6 and oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and higher PBMC production of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1β). Additionally, significant interactions between age and menopause were found for serum IL-6 (P=0.024), and TNF-α (P= 0.011) and IL-1β (P<0.001) produced from PBMCs. Serum IL-6 levels positively correlated with age, waist-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure, circulating levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and ox-LDL, and urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F 2 α. Multiple stepwise AGE (2012) 34:415-425

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“…IL-6 can be produced by a variety of cell types, including lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages and microglia [1]. IL-6 plays a critical role during immune responses, for example, stimulating the proliferation of B cells and immunoglobulin production, and the proliferation and differentiation of T cells [6,80]. Its basal blood plasma concentration can be increased more than 100-fold by infections, and peripheral administration of LPS or IL-1 [31,67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding, exploratory, anxiety- and depression-related behaviors are not altered in interleukin-6-deficient male mice

Świergiel

Dunn

2006

Behavioural Brain Research

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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in behavioral responses associated with inflammation, sickness behavior and various nervous system disorders. We studied a range of different behaviors in IL-6-knockout (IL-6ko) and wild-type (WT) male mice. No significant differences were observed in ambulatory, exploratory, and stereotypic activities in home or novel cages, in an open field (OF), in the multicompartment chamber (MCC), or in the elevated plus-maze (EPM). IL-6ko mice shed fewer fecal boli than WT mice in the OF, in novel cages and in the MCC although this effect was not statistically significant in the OF. In novel cages, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of IL-6 (1 μg) depressed ambulatory activity slightly more in IL-6ko than in WT mice. Restraint and interleukin-1β (IL-1β, 100 ng i.p.) decreased exploration of mice in the MCC and EPM, but there was no indication of altered sensitivity in IL-6ko mice. No significant differences were detected in the tail suspension and the Porsolt forced swim tests. IL-1β and lipopolysaccharide (LPS 1 μg i.p.) injection depressed sweetened milk and solid food intake similarly in IL-6ko and WT mice, but IL-6 had no effect, suggesting that IL-6 is not involved in these effects of IL-1 or LPS. However, IL-1β and LPS depressed body weight more in WT than in IL-6ko mice. Plasma corticosterone and basal concentrations of catecholamines, indoleamines and their metabolites in several brain regions were similar. The responses in these measures to IL-1β and LPS were also similar, except that there were no significant changes in tryptophan and serotonin metabolism in IL-6ko mice. This may reflect a role for IL-6 in the tryptophan and serotonin responses to IL-1 and LPS. It is concluded that the lack of IL-6 is not associated with substantial alterations in several different mouse behaviors, and in the responses to restraint, IL-1β, IL-6 and LPS.

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The biological effects of interleukin 6

Cited by 51 publications

References 36 publications

Beneficial Effect of Chronic Treatment with Extracts from Rhodiola Rosea L. and Curcuma Longa L. on the Immunoreactivity of Animals Subjected to a Chronic Mild Stress Model

Beneficial Effect of Chronic Treatment with Extracts from Rhodiola Rosea L. and Curcuma Longa L. on the Immunoreactivity of Animals Subjected to a Chronic Mild Stress Model

Effects of aging and menopause on serum interleukin-6 levels and peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytokine production in healthy nonobese women

Feeding, exploratory, anxiety- and depression-related behaviors are not altered in interleukin-6-deficient male mice

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