The Biological Effects of Depolymerized Sodium Spirulan and Sulfated Colominic Acid on Vascular Cells are Beneficial in Preventing Atherosclerosis

Yamamoto, Chika; Fujiwara, Yasuyuki; Kaji, Toshiyuki

doi:10.1248/jhs.52.205

“…The treatment of aortic endothelial smooth muscle cultured cells with depolymerized sodium spirulan (NaSP), an sPS obtained from a hot water extract of A. platensis, resulted in a significant inhibition of the proliferation of the arterial smooth muscle cells, therefore preventing atherosclerosis without exhibiting any toxic effects on the integrity of the vascular endothelial cell layers (Yamamoto et al 2006). Some sPSs may interfere with blood coagulation and, therefore, have the potential to be used in some biomedical applications and not in another (Raposo et al 2013).…”

Section: Safety and Regulatory Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity and Applications of Polysaccharides from Marine Microalgae

Raposo

¹

,

Morais

²

,

Morais

³

2015

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Marine microorganisms have been under research for the last decades, as sources of different biocompounds, each with various applications. Polysaccharides (PSs) are among these chemicals being produced and released by marine microalgae. These are very heterogeneous, including cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae from several divisions/phyla, each of which with different characteristics. The PSs, sulfated or not, that they produce have already proved to be promising agents in various fields, such as food, feed, pharmaceutical, and biomedical. They can also be applied in wastewater and/or soil treatment and in some engineering areas, as naval engineering. After a brief introduction on the general types of biopolymers produced by marine microalgae and cyanobacteria, this chapter starts by presenting the species of these microorganisms and the types of PSs they produce, as well as the respective chemical composition; goes into the production of PSs and the effect of specific compounds; and focuses on the physicochemical properties of these PSs and their composition and structure, approaching the rheological properties relevant for their functions and behavior. The bioactivity of PSs and their applications are, next, presented, including therapeutic applications based on their antiviral and antibacterial activities, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory characteristics, antitumoral activity, and antilipidemic and antiglycemic properties, among others. The potential use of PSs from marine microalgae as it is or incorporated in health foods is also considered. The mechanisms behind their antiviral and antibacterial activities are explained. Toxicological and safety issues are also disclosed, and there is a brief mention of the bioavailability of PSs from microalgae. The chapter ends by listing some preclinical studies with this type of polymers.

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Bioactivity and Applications of Polysaccharides from Marine Microalgae

Raposo¹,

Morais²,

Morais³

2014

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Marine microorganisms have been under research for the last decades, as sources of different biocompounds, each with various applications. Polysaccharides (PSs) are among these chemicals being produced and released by marine microalgae. These are very heterogeneous, including cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae from several divisions/phyla, each of which with different characteristics. The PSs, sulfated or not, that they produce have already proved to be promising agents in various fields, such as food, feed, pharmaceutical, and biomedical. They can also be applied in wastewater and/or soil treatment and in some engineering areas, as naval engineering. After a brief introduction on the general types of biopolymers produced by marine microalgae and cyanobacteria, this chapter starts by presenting the species of these microorganisms and the types of PSs they produce, as well as the respective chemical composition; goes into the production of PSs and the effect of specific compounds; and focuses on the physicochemical properties of these PSs and their composition and structure, approaching the rheological properties relevant for their functions and behavior. The bioactivity of PSs and their applications are, next, presented, including therapeutic applications based on their antiviral and antibacterial activities, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory characteristics, antitumoral activity, and antilipidemic and antiglycemic properties, among others. The potential use of PSs from marine microalgae as it is or incorporated in health foods is also considered. The mechanisms behind their antiviral and antibacterial activities are explained. Toxicological and safety issues are also disclosed, and there is a brief mention of the bioavailability of PSs from microalgae. The chapter ends by listing some preclinical studies with this type of polymers.

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Heparin-like Entities from Marine Organisms

Colliec-Jouault

¹

,

Bavington²,

Delbarre-Ladrat³

2011

Heparin - A Century of Progress

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Polysaccharides are ubiquitous in animals and plant cells where they play a significant role in a number of physiological situations e.g. hydration, mechanical properties of cell walls and ionic regulation. This review concentrates on heparin-like entities from marine procaryotes and eukaryotes. Carbohydrates from marine prokaryotes offer a significant structural chemodiversity with novel material and biological properties. Cyanobacteria are Gram-negative photosynthetic prokaryotes considered as a rich source of novel molecules, and marine bacteria are a rich source of polysaccharides with novel structures, which may be a good starting point from which to synthesise heparinoid molecules. For example, some sulphated polysaccharides have been isolated from gamma-proteobacteria such as Alteromonas and Pseudoalteromonas sp. In contrast to marine bacteria, all marine algae contain sulphated wall polysaccharides, whereas such polymers are not found in terrestrial plants. In their native form, or after chemical modifications, a range of polysaccharides isolated from marine organisms have been described that have anticoagulant, anti-thrombotic, anti-tumour, anti-proliferative, anti-viral or anti-inflammatory activities.In spite of the enormous potential of sulphated oligosaccharides from marine sources, their technical and pharmaceutical usage is still limited because of the high complexity of these molecules. Thus, the production of tailor-made oligo- and polysaccharidic structures by biocatalysis is also a growing field of interest in biotechnology.

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The Biological Effects of Depolymerized Sodium Spirulan and Sulfated Colominic Acid on Vascular Cells are Beneficial in Preventing Atherosclerosis

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Bioactivity and Applications of Polysaccharides from Marine Microalgae

Bioactivity and Applications of Polysaccharides from Marine Microalgae

Bioactivity and Applications of Polysaccharides from Marine Microalgae

Heparin-like Entities from Marine Organisms

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