The biological consequences of decreased size caused by crowding or rearing temperatures in apterae of the pea aphid, <i>Acyrthosiphon pisum</i> Harris

Murdie, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1969.tb00515.x

Cited by 74 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Our results demonstrate that A. glycines adult body size decreases when developing on heavily infested G. max plants. Adult body size is a good parameter for estimating aphid performance, as it is often correlated with fecundity and offspring size (Murdie, ). The reductions in body size observed in our field experiment are likely attributable to a decrease in plant quality caused by previous feeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adult aphid length was measured from antennal tubercles to the end of the cauda (Minks & Harrewijn, 1987) using an ocular micrometer at a 409 magnification. Adult body size is often correlated with fecundity and offspring size, and it constitutes a useful parameter for estimating aphid performance (Murdie, 1969a;Nevo & Coll, 2001;Hu et al, 2015). Only size measurements from apterous adults were analyzed, as not all clip cages contained alate adults and comparisons based upon observations from alate adults lacked statistical power.…”

Section: Field Cage Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of crowding and host plant quality on morph determination in the soybean aphid,Aphis glycines

Martínez

2018

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Polyphenism constitutes a key example of the adaptability of a genotype to a shifting environment. In aphids, the relative production of apterous and alate individuals is influenced by cues resulting from increases in population density, changes in plant quality, and natural enemies. The ability to respond to multiple environmental cues offers aphids an effective way to optimize their fitness. Understanding the mechanisms behind alate morph production is particularly important in aphid species that are agricultural pests. We tested the effects of crowding and host plant quality cues on morph determination in Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae). We exposed A. glycines to pre-natal and post-natal crowding under laboratory conditions. In the field, we reared nymphs of A. glycines at high-density vs. low-density conditions in clip cages set on the top vs. bottom nodes of infested and uninfested soybean plants, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae). Apterous adult body size was used as an estimate of aphid performance, and the proportion of morphs developing under each condition was determined. Both pre-and post-natal crowding induced the production of asexual alate individuals by A. glycines. In the field, we observed additive negative effects of lower overall plant quality (infested vs. uninfested plants), within-plant differences in nutritional quality (bottom vs. top nodes), and high vs. low levels of crowding on aphid size. These three factors also interacted to increase the proportion A. glycines nymphs that developed wings. Our results suggest two levels in the production of asexual alate individuals by A. glycines: (1) a moderate level in response to aggregation, triggered by crowding cues, and (2) a high level in response to plant quality deterioration, triggered by both plant quality and crowding cues. These two processes ensure a flexible production of asexual alate individuals, allowing aphids to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Field Cage Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of crowding and host plant quality on morph determination in the soybean aphid,Aphis glycines

Martínez

2018

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…A projection of the first two components is shown in figure 8 ; the relative importance of the two components is obvious. The bipolar factor appears to originate as a result of leg and antenna allometry at high temperature, but the imbalance appears to be corrected after longer exposures and when larval development is completed at 20" C. Murdie (1965) showed that in the first and second generations at 28' C. and 25" C., respectively, there is a relatively greater shortening of the antennal segments, particularly of segment 6, which has the largest loading on factor two; this would account for the bipolar factor illustrated here. The offspring of parents reared at 25" C .…”

Section: The Range Of Temperature Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Fresh body weight is the simplest size criterion to measure and is likely to reflect both long and short term effects of the rearing conditions; it is therefore probably the most important single measure of size. However, weight is seldom static, being affected by feeding, food reserves, embryo formation and parturition, and age (Murdie, 1969) ; in order to standardise procedure, adults were weighed within four hours after the final moult, before parturition and adult feeding had begun. The limits used to define other measurements are shown in figure 2.…”

Section: Choice Of Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some causes of size variation in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris

Murdie

1969

Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London

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“…persicae normally colonizes the ageing leaves of Brassica plants (Kennedy, 1958). After 16–18 h (overnight), the aphids were removed, except for one nymph per cage, which was not the first nymph produced because these can be atypical (Murdie, 1969). The number of offspring produced was recorded daily and removed from each clip cage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal host plant effects on aphid performance: contrasts between a generalist and a specialist species on Brussels sprout cultivars

Tariq

Wright

Staley

2010

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 The performance of the second generation (G 2 ) of alates and apterae of a generalist, Myzus persicae, and a specialist, Brevicoryne brassicae, aphid species reared on Chinese cabbage or cabbage was evaluated on five cultivars of Brussels sprout. 2 Aphid performance was influenced both by the type of host on which the parent aphid had been reared and by the host on which it was feeding when reproducing. 3 The fecundity of the G 2 of alates of both aphid species reared on Chinese cabbage differed significantly between all the cultivars of Brussels sprout and, on average, was 25% higher than those reared on cabbage. These differences were also apparent for the intrinsic rate of increase of B. brassicae but not for M. persicae. 4 There was a trend for the G 2 of alates from Chinese cabbage to have greater fecundity compared with aphids from cabbage. These differences were significant for the fecundity of the G 2 of alates of both aphid species on Brussels sprout cultivars Fillbasket (30% higher), Red Delicious (35% higher) and Winter Harvest (25% higher) than those reared on cabbage. 5 The intrinsic rate of increase for the G 2 of alates of B. brassicae from Chinese cabbage was significantly different on all Brussels sprout cultivars tested. The intrinsic rate of increase differed significantly between aphids reared on either Chinese cabbage or cabbage on cultivars Oliver and Darkmar-21 (M. persicae) and Red Delicious and Winter Harvest (B. brassicae). The cv. Oliver appeared to be the most consistently good host; Red Delicious was the poorest host overall.

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The biological consequences of decreased size caused by crowding or rearing temperatures in apterae of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris

Cited by 74 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of crowding and host plant quality on morph determination in the soybean aphid,Aphis glycines

Effects of crowding and host plant quality on morph determination in the soybean aphid,Aphis glycines

Some causes of size variation in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris

Maternal host plant effects on aphid performance: contrasts between a generalist and a specialist species on Brussels sprout cultivars

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