1986
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb05717.x
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The Biogeographic Evidence Supporting the Pleistocene Forest Refuge Hypothesis

Abstract: The prevailing explanation for the observed distributional patterns and areas of endemism of tropical forest organisms is the Pleistocene refuge hypothesis, which proposes that wide-ranging ancestral taxa were isolated into forest refuges during certain glacial periods, and that this isolation provided them with the opportunity to speciate. John Endler has recently argued that two predictions of the refuge hypothesis-that contact zones between vicars should be between refuges and that contact zones of rapidly … Show more

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Cited by 214 publications
(163 citation statements)
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References 17 publications
(11 reference statements)
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“…Chimpanzees, whose habitats on the right bank of the Congo River became very dry during some periods in the Pleistocene (Mayr and Ohara 1986;Plana 2004), may have developed highly flexible fission-fusion social systems to cope with seasonal and annual variation in the abundance and distribution of fruits. On the other hand, the area on the left bank had a large central refugia forest even during the driest periods, and the habitats of bonobos might have had relatively larger fruit patches, higher density of foods, and smaller seasonal and annual variation in food availability.…”
Section: Reconsideration Of the Difference In Grouping Patternsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chimpanzees, whose habitats on the right bank of the Congo River became very dry during some periods in the Pleistocene (Mayr and Ohara 1986;Plana 2004), may have developed highly flexible fission-fusion social systems to cope with seasonal and annual variation in the abundance and distribution of fruits. On the other hand, the area on the left bank had a large central refugia forest even during the driest periods, and the habitats of bonobos might have had relatively larger fruit patches, higher density of foods, and smaller seasonal and annual variation in food availability.…”
Section: Reconsideration Of the Difference In Grouping Patternsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In Africa, the evergreen forest habitat was reduced gradually since the early Miocene (Axelrod and Raven, 1978) and probably had a minimum extension during the cold parts of the Pleistocene (Diamond and Hamilton, 1980;Hamilton, 1982Hamilton, , 1988Crowe and Crowe, 1982;Mayr and O'Hara, 1986;Prigogine, 1986;Kingdon, (1989)). Proposed forest refuges were in Guinea, the Cameroon lowlands, the central Congo Basin and in the lowlands in eastern Zaire which have many old species and relatively few representatives of recent radiations.…”
Section: B a Reinterpretation Of The Role Of Pleistocene Forest Refugesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In a study on the distribution of African birds, butterflies and mammals, Endler (1982) and then Mayr & O'Hara (1986) reported three probable refugia for these types of fauna. The first corresponds to Liberia and Sierra Leone, the second to Gabon and Cameroon and the third in eastern Za'fre.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%