The biofilm matrix

Flemming, Hans‐Curt; Wingender, Jost

doi:10.1038/nrmicro2415

Cited by 7,741 publications

(6,397 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…The ability to form bacterial biofilms is a benefit in the survival against host defence factors, antibiotics, physical and chemical stress as well as disinfectants (Hall‐Stoodley et al ., 2004; Flemming and Wingender, 2010). Using a macrocolony assay, we could show that more than half of our tested strains from both investigated sets were able to produce curli fibres and the exopolysaccharide cellulose which are necessary to form stable and strong biofilm matrices (Olsen et al ., 1989; Barnhart and Chapman, 2006; Uhlich et al ., 2006; Serra et al ., 2013, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental adaptation and vertical dissemination of ESBL‐/pAmpC‐producing Escherichia coli in an integrated broiler production chain in the absence of an antibiotic treatment

Projahn

Daehre

Semmler

et al. 2018

Microbial Biotechnology

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SummaryHigh prevalence numbers of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐ (ESBL‐)/plasmid‐mediated AmpC beta‐lactamase‐ (pAmpC‐) producing Escherichia coli in broiler chicken and their distribution along the broiler production chain is an ongoing problem in food production. We, therefore, investigated resistant isolates along the broiler production chain to determine whether there is a constantly occurring direct vertical transmission of the ESBL‐/pAmpC‐producing E. coli from the parent flocks to their offspring or not. We, furthermore, analysed the isolates concerning the occurrence of virulence factors and their ability to form biofilms to estimate their potential to effectively colonize broiler chickens and/or persist and survive in the environment of the broiler production facilities. Using whole genome sequencing, we could show that ESBL‐/pAmpC‐producing E. coli were likely transferred in a step‐wise process along the broiler production chain but not directly from the parent flock to the fattening flock with every single batch of offspring chickens. Additionally, resistant E. coli strains showing an extraintestinal pathogenic genotype as well as high numbers of virulence‐associated genes including the production of curli fibres and cellulose have high capabilities to persist and spread in the broiler production chain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental adaptation and vertical dissemination of ESBL‐/pAmpC‐producing Escherichia coli in an integrated broiler production chain in the absence of an antibiotic treatment

Projahn

Daehre

Semmler

et al. 2018

Microbial Biotechnology

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“…Dental biofilms contribute to robust microbial communities organized in a complex extracellular matrix that not only provides a structural scaffold but also protects the biofilm organisms from host and exogenous antimicrobial functions [3,4]. As in most biofilms [5], the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix of dental biofilms are dynamically modulated by the colonizing bacteria in response to local biophysical conditions and the availability of substrates that support its synthesis and other metabolic functions [6]. The biophysical and immunological challenges that affect biofilm formation on oral surfaces are site-specific.…”

Section: Oral Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-component signal transduction systems in oral bacteria

Mattos-Graner

Duncan²

2017

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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We present an overview of how members of the oral microbiota respond to their environment by regulating gene expression through two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) to support conditions compatible with homeostasis in oral biofilms or drive the equilibrium toward dysbiosis in response to environmental changes. Using studies on the sub-gingival Gram-negative anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis and Gram-positive streptococci as examples, we focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in activation of TCS and species specificities of TCS regulons.

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“…Biofilms are composed by microbial cells that are attached to a substrate and surrounded by an extracellular matrix (ECM) [12]. The ECM is composed of secreted microbial and host-derived substances and cells lysis [12] and collaborates to the conservation of the biofilm architecture and the preservation of stable interactions between cell–cell, cell–surface, and the environment [13]. Although polysaccharides and protein are the most widely studied substances in biofilm ECMs, other molecules, such as nucleic acids, are important to their function [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluconazole impacts the extracellular matrix of fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant Candida albicans and Candida glabrata biofilms

Panariello

Klein

Mima

et al. 2018

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Background: Fluconazole (FLZ) is a drug commonly used for the treatment of Candida infections. However, β-glucans in the extracellular matrices (ECMs) hinder FLZ penetration into Candida biofilms, while extracellular DNA (eDNA) contributes to the biofilm architecture and resistance. Methods: This study characterized biofilms of FLZ-sensitive (S) and -resistant (R) Candida albicans and Candida glabrata in the presence or absence of FLZ focusing on the ECM traits. Biofilms of C. albicans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 90028 (CaS), C. albicans ATCC 96901 (CaR), C. glabrata ATCC 2001 (CgS), and C. glabrata ATCC 200918 (CgR) were grown in RPMI medium with or without FLZ at 5× the minimum inhibitory concentration (37°C/48 h). Biofilms were assessed by colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL, biomass, and ECM components (alkali-soluble polysaccharides [ASP], water-soluble polysaccharides [WSP], eDNA, and proteins). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also performed. Data were analyzed by parametric and nonparametric tests (α = 0.05). Results: In biofilms, FLZ reduced the CFU/mL of all strains (p < 0.001), except for CaS (p = 0.937). However, the ASP quantity in CaS was significantly reduced by FLZ (p = 0.034), while the drug had no effect on the ASP levels in other strains (p > 0.05). Total biomasses and WSP were significantly reduced by FLZ in the ECM of all yeasts (p < 0.001), but levels of eDNA and proteins were unaffected (p > 0.05). FLZ affected the cell morphology and biofilm structure by hindering hyphae formation in CaS and CaR biofilms, by decreasing the number of cells in CgS and CgR biofilms, and by yielding sparsely spaced cell agglomerates on the substrate. Conclusion: FLZ impacts biofilms of C. albicans and C. glabrata as evident by reduced biomass. This reduced biomass coincided with lowered cell numbers and quantity of WSPs. Hyphal production by C. albicans was also reduced.

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The biofilm matrix

Cited by 7,741 publications

References 107 publications

Environmental adaptation and vertical dissemination of ESBL‐/pAmpC‐producing Escherichia coli in an integrated broiler production chain in the absence of an antibiotic treatment

Environmental adaptation and vertical dissemination of ESBL‐/pAmpC‐producing Escherichia coli in an integrated broiler production chain in the absence of an antibiotic treatment

Two-component signal transduction systems in oral bacteria

Fluconazole impacts the extracellular matrix of fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant Candida albicans and Candida glabrata biofilms

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