The biocompatibility of carbon hydroxyapatite/β-glucan composite for bone tissue engineering studied with Raman and FTIR spectroscopic imaging

Abstract

The spectroscopic approaches of FTIR imaging and Raman mapping were applied to the characterisation of a new carbon hydroxyapatite/β-glucan composite developed for bone tissue engineering. The composite is an artificial bone material with an apatite-forming ability for the bone repair process. Rabbit bone samples were tested with an implanted bioactive material for a period of several months. Using spectroscopic and chemometric methods, we were able to determine the presence of amides and phosphates and the distribution of lipid-rich domains in the bone tissue, providing an assessment of the composite's bioactivity. Samples were also imaged in transmission using an infrared microscope combined with a focal plane array detector. CaF2 lenses were also used on the infrared microscope to improve spectral quality by reducing scattering artefacts, improving chemometric analysis. The presence of collagen and lipids at the bone/composite interface confirmed biocompatibility and demonstrate the suitability of FTIR microscopic imaging with lenses in studying these samples. It confirmed that the composite is a very good background for collagen growth and increases collagen maturity with the time of the bone growth process. The results indicate the bioactive and biocompatible properties of this composite and demonstrate how Raman and FTIR spectroscopic imaging have been used as an effective tool for tissue characterisation.

Biphasic organo-bioceramic fibrous composite as a biomimetic extracellular matrix for bone tissue regeneration

“…Previous studies have also demonstrated the use of FTIR for the characterization of HA composites (20, 21). In addition to this, hydroxyapatite from human fossils, hydroxyapatite-coated with titanium, combined with carbonated apatite, and carbon hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering have been characterized by FTIR spectroscopy (21–23). In the present investigation, we found that with increasing concentrations of HA in the organo-ceramic composites have different absorption patterns as compared to the control (Figure 1).…”

Vibrational spectroscopy and imaging: applications for tissue engineering

“…For example, Rossi et al 128 used MIR spectroscopy to analyze changes caused by the biological environment in hydroxyapatite-alginate spheres after implantation in bone defects in rats, while Miri et al 111 used it to describe the progressive mineralization potential of dense collagen-Bioglass gel scaffolds injected subcutaneously in rats. Sroka-Bartnicka et al 129 showed several features of the bone tissue formed around carbon hydroxyapatite/β-glucan scaffolds after implantation in rabbit bone defects, such as the spatial distribution of amides, lipids, phosphate, and collagen cross-linking maturity, using MIR spectral imaging (Figure 6). …”

“…Sroka-Bartnicka et al 129 demonstrated the usefulness of MIR spectral imaging to quantify and image several features of bone tissue formed around engineered constructs. The authors analyzed the tissue formed around carbon hydroxyapatite/β-glucan scaffolds after implantation into rabbit bone defects for different lengths of time.…”

Synthesis of Silver-Coated Bioactive Nanocomposite Scaffolds Based on Grafted Beta-Glucan/Hydroxyapatite via Freeze-Drying Method: Anti-Microbial and Biocompatibility Evaluation for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Lee et al fabricated porous scaffolds from gelatin and (1→3), (1→6)-β-glucan using the freeze-drying method. James et al prepared carbon HAp/β-glucan composite for bone tissue engineering with enhanced biocompatibility [27]. The biopolymeric scaffolds have gained popularity over the decades.…”