The Biochemistry of Oral Contraceptive Steroids

Goodman, Arnold L.

doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021400

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…Persistent estrous appeared after quinestrol treatment, and the time to persistent estrous shortened with increasing doses of quinestrol; this finding is consisted with findings in previous investigations [7,8,11,27]. Estrogen has the capacity to produce cornification of vaginal epithelial cells associated with estrous in rodents [12]. The appearance of persistent estrous may be caused by the marked estrogenic effects of quinestrol in Mongolian gerbils.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

The Effects of Quinestrol as a Contraceptive in Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

Shi

2011

Exp. Anim.

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Abstract:The contraceptive effects of quinestrol in Mongolian gerbils were examined. The results showed that body weight significantly increased after quinestrol treatment, except in the group that received the highest dose. The gonadosomatic index of ovaries decreased, whereas that of uteri increased, and uterine edema appeared after quinestrol treatment. Histological examination revealed that the ovaries had a lack of mature follicles and corpora lutea and that the myometrium and endometrium of the uteri became thin after quinestrol treatment. Persistent estrous appeared after quinestrol treatment, and time to persistent estrous shortened with increasing doses of quinestrol. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels decreased, whereas estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels increased after quinestrol treatment, and the effects were dose-dependent. During gestation, the serum E2 levels in the different treatment groups were not significantly different. During gestation in the control groups, the serum P4 levels from days 0 to 15 were higher than in the quinestrol-treated groups; however, they did not show significant differences from days 18 to 24. Doses of 0.1 to 2.7 μg/g quinestrol over 6 days completely inhibited fertility. Birth time was prolonged with increasing doses of quinestrol. The findings suggest that quinestrol has marked estrogenic effects in Mongolian gerbils and may inhibit follicle maturation and ovulation through lowered gonadotropin levels. Uterine edema and abnormal E2 and P4 levels during gestation are important causes of pregnancy failure in quinestrol-treated Mongolian gerbils. Quinestrol causes prolonged inhibition of fertility in Mongolian gerbils.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

The Effects of Quinestrol as a Contraceptive in Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

Shi

2011

Exp. Anim.

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Levonorgestrel Implants as a Contraceptive in Captive White-Tailed Deer

White

Warren

Fayrer-Hosken

1994

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Silastic implants containing levonorgestrel (LNG) were evaluated as a contraceptive in captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Six adult females and six female fawns received either six or nine implants in autumn. Each implant contained 36 mg of LNG. Blood was analyzed by radioimmunoassay to determine LNG release profile for 5 mo post-implantation. Serum LNG concentrations rose significantly (P = 0.0005) 3 days post-implantation, leveled off after 7 days, and did not change (P = 0.5913) during the remaining 5 mo. Mean (+/- SE) LNG concentrations for all months were higher (P = 0.0377) in adult and fawn females implanted with nine versus six rods (138.1 +/- 14.4 versus 56.7 +/- 12.3 pg/ml, respectively). Serum LNG levels did not differ between adults and fawns. Five of the six implanted adult females had normal estrous cyclicity; three of these five adult females became pregnant in the first year. Four implanted females (two yearlings and two adults) were monitored during a second year, and housed with a fertile buck; three of them became pregnant. We do not recommend the use of LNG in deer.

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The Biochemistry of Oral Contraceptive Steroids

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

The Effects of Quinestrol as a Contraceptive in Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

The Effects of Quinestrol as a Contraceptive in Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

Levonorgestrel Implants as a Contraceptive in Captive White-Tailed Deer

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