The Biochemistry of Motility

Gibbons, I. R.

doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.37.070168.002513

Cited by 56 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(260 reference statements)

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“…The motility of spermatozoa is directly dependent upon the availability of energy obtained by the enzymatic decomposition of ATP [Gibbons 1968;Mitchell et al, 19761. ATP utilization linked to dynein ATPase accounts for 70% of the total ATP consumption in bull spermatozoa [Rikmenspoel, 1965;Halangk et al, 1985a1, the remaining percentage represents the maintenance of ionic gradients [Borle, 19811 and the source of cyclic 3': 5' monophosphate [Menon and Gunaga, 19741.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible intracellular ATP changes in intact rat spermatozoa and effects on flagellar sperm movement

Jeulin¹,

Soufir²

1992

Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton

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The initiation of motility and modification of energy metabolism of rat caudal epididymal spermatozoa can be induced by dilution in a saline medium. We have investigated in these cells the relationships between the energy reserve (sperm ATP content measured by bioluminescence) and flagellar movement (high speed videomicrography, 200 frames/sec). A steady state was observed in sperm ATP content, progressive velocity (Vp) and flagellar beat frequency (F) with sperm dilution in a medium with glucose, lactate, pyruvate and acetate substrates after 30 minutes of incubation. Without these substrates, changes in metabolic pathways occurred immediately and initially disturbed the relationship between ATP levels and F, suggesting differences in motility initiation when energy is from an endogenous origin via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This "energy crisis" was reversed by the addition of substrates to the medium. The three-dimensional flagellar movement observed in the presence of substrates quickly became two-dimensional in their absence. The flagellar beat envelope became more splayed, the mean amplitude of lateral head displacement increased and F decreased. The resulting high flagellar beat efficiency can be compared to that observed during hyperactivation which is a physiological event related to a fall in intracellular ATP level. In both media, the displacement of the flagellum in relation to the wave axis varied sinusoidally. The sine period increased with time when the spermatozoa were incubated in the medium without substrates. These results suggest a gradual slowing-down of the velocity of wave formation in the proximal part of the flagellum.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible intracellular ATP changes in intact rat spermatozoa and effects on flagellar sperm movement

Jeulin¹,

Soufir²

1992

Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton

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“…It appears that this minor axonemal protein is the trigger of the sperm motility, though its relations with the major motile system, i.e. dynein ATPase and tubulin (3,8), are not known. Sperm motility is suppressed by high K" in the seminal plasma in the sperm duct (12); reduction in external K+ concentration at spawning in fresh water results in a sudden increase in intraspermatozoal cAMP (4), which in turn induces the instantaneous phosphorylation of the 15 K protein, resulting in the initiation of sperm motility.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Phosphorylation of a 15 K axonemal protein is the trigger initiating trout sperm </b><b>motility </b>

Morisawa¹,

Hayashi²

1985

Biomed. Res.

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The plasma membrane of trout sperm was removed by the treatment with Triton X-100 and phosphorylation of sperm protein was analyzed by SD S-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after incubating the demembranated sperm with [y-32P]ATP. When the motility ofdemembranated sperm was initiated by addition ofcAMP, a 15 K protein was strongly phosphorylated within 1 sec, a time period compatible with the normal initiation of sperm motility. When sperm were first allowed to swim and then demembranated, cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of the 15 K protein was not observed. The results suggest that the 15 K protein, completely phosphorylated in 1 sec in the presence of cAMP, triggers the initiation of sperm motility.We previously demonstrated that salmonid sperm demembranated with Triton X-100 remained quiescent in the presence of ATP alone but were activated by the additional presence of cAMP. This suggests that cAMP is the primary factor for the initiation ofsperm motility in Sahnonidae (9, 10, 13). A further question, which has not been clarified in any species, is which protein phosphorylated by cAMP triggers the initiation ofsperm motility. To clarify this, we have studied the incorporation of HP into sperm proteins. Our results suggest that phosphorylation of a 15 K protein is the trigger to initiate sperm motility.The plasma membranes of spermatozoa collected from rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri were removed in an extracting medium containing the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 (9), and the demembranated sperm were resuspended and incubated for 1 or 5 sec in the reactivating medium containing ATP and [y-

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“…The slow muscle myosin ATPase can be increased substantially by moderate concentration of urea, guanadine, HC1, lithium bromide, ethylene glycol, or brief digestion with trypsin [34], while these agents decrease the activity of fast myosins. This difference accounted for the difference in the tertiary structure or for the presence of physiological inhibition [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic Differentiation in the Nucleoside Triphosphatase Activities of Myosin from the Fast, Slow and Cardiac Muscles of Chick

Radha¹

1974

Enzyme

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Nucleoside triphosphatase activities of myosins of anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD), posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) and heart muscles of chick during development have been studied. Differences among the myosins of these muscles towards differentiation are noted in specific nucleoside triphosphatase activities, Ca^2+ sensitivity and salt activation. Earlier studies of the author have shown that there is differentiation in the pH effect on the ATPase activities of these myosins. Therefore, it is envisaged that both kinds of change, namely specific activity differences and differentiation in enzymic property occur during development leading to molecular differences in these myosins.

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The Biochemistry of Motility

Cited by 56 publications

References 157 publications

Reversible intracellular ATP changes in intact rat spermatozoa and effects on flagellar sperm movement

Reversible intracellular ATP changes in intact rat spermatozoa and effects on flagellar sperm movement

<b>Phosphorylation of a 15 K axonemal protein is the trigger initiating trout sperm </b><b>motility </b>

Embryonic Differentiation in the Nucleoside Triphosphatase Activities of Myosin from the Fast, Slow and Cardiac Muscles of Chick

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