The Biochemical Biomarkers Determination in Alzheimer Dementia

Abstract

Alzheimer�s disease (AD) is a complex neuropsychiatric condition characterized by progressive cognitive symptoms.The social and psychological costs associated with the care of AD patients are very high; therefore, significant funds for research in this field are being invested worldwide. The accuracy of medical methods for establishing the diagnosis of AD with specific neuropathology is very important. Biomarkers can detect AD in their pre-clinical stage, monitor the disease progression, and detectmore objectively the treatment response. We performed a retrospective study of 100 patients admitted to the Gheorghe Preda Psychiatric Hospital of Sibiu with the diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer�s Dementia. The diagnosis was established according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Disorders-4th edition criteria and the severity of the condition was determined by the Mini Mental State Examination. Our retrospective study revealed that in a certain period of time, most hospitalized patients with AD had the most days of hospitalization; they were patients in severe stage, due to the needs of multidisciplinary care and the multiple possibilities offered by medical staff. At present, AD research, in addition to finding therapeutic remedies in the clinical stages of AD, also aims at primary and secondary prevention strategies, including the detection of biomarkers in the pre-clinical stage of AD.

Study on the correlation between knee osteoarthritis and anxiety in patients aged over 55

“…Recommended self-management interventions include information on the health condition, the stress management techniques, the physical exercises, the skill to solve personal problems, which allows people diagnosed with osteoarthritis to effectively manage long-term disease symptoms (48). The results of a meta-analysis on 13 studies published in 2009 proved the beneficial effect of self-management programs on pain, the improvement of the quality of life, which would play an important role in the treatment of osteoarthritis (49). The authors of this study presented that the weak effects for self-management programs are represented by the patient's perception of the disease, associated comorbidities and patient's education (50,51).…”

Study of a Standardized Plant Extract Used as an Anti-Inflammatory Drug to Reduce Joint Pain

“…Research has shown the involvement of cytokines, especially of the interleukin -1 and 17, as well as tumor necrosis factor TNF α in stimulating the degradation of some protein, resulting in accelerated cartilage destruction. Doing physical exercises, due to the synthesis of neurotrophins and the improvement of the neuroplasticity has a role in the psychic recovery of the cognition of the patients with osteoarthritis [8].…”

Study on the importance of medical treatment and physical methods in recovering patients with knee osteoarthritis

“…The kinetic therapy has the purpose of preventing the muscular atrophy of the bilateral quadriceps, to tonify the musculature, to repair the dynamic control for a good static posture but also for the walk, to repair the articular mobility (18,19). Moreover, at the psychical level, the physical activity, by the synthesis of neurotrophins and the improvement of neuroplasticity can have a beneficial contribution in the neurodegenerative diseases, respectively in the slight cognitive disorder (20). Cochrane showed in 2015 the importance of the physical activity in order to improve the pain and the functional condition for persons with knee osteoarthritis (21).…”

“…We tried this association in our trial, too (27). The indications by Cochrane are for the administration of specific NSAID (Etoricoxibum) for patients who are at gastrointestinal risk (20). It is considered that Etoricoxibum has a more reduced power than the other NSAIDS, but it is preferred as it has fewer side effects (28).…”