The Biochemical and Histopathological Investigation of Amlodipine in Ethylene Glycol-Induced Urolithiasis Rat Model

Abstract

Background: Urinary calculi are a common and severe problem, which are formed by urolithiasis or by the formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in the kidneys. Many treatment options such as drugs, various herbal preparations, surgical removal of the stones, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy have been applied for this condition. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of the drug amlodipine in an experimentally induced urolithiasis rat model. Materials and methods: The effect of 5 mg/kg amlodipine was studied in rats that were first treated with 1% ethylene glycol and 1% ammonium chloride for 21 days to induce urolithiasis. The weight differences and the levels of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate were measured in serum and urine. In addition, urine CaOx level was defined and histopathological analyses were performed on the kidneys. Results: Urolithiasis caused a significant increase in both serum and urine parameters compared with healthy rats. Urolithiasis plus amlodipine administration increased the levels of these same parameters. Urine CaOx level was high in urolithiasis rats and was also increased by urolithiasis plus amlodipine administration. The weight of the rats decreased in the urolithiasis plus amlodipine group when compared with the urolithiasis group. Histopathological examinations revealed extensive intratubular crystal depositions and degenerative tubular structures in the urolithiasis group and the amlodipine treatment group. Conclusion: We showed that amlodipine may increase susceptibility to urolithiasis by raising hyperoxaluria and hypercalciuria. Further studies should be performed to elucidate the urolithiasis activity of amlodipine and to confirm the data.

Anticalcifying effect of Daucus carota in experimental urolithiasis in Wistar rats

“…carota . EG and NH 4 Cl induced hyperoxaluria model of urolithiasis was selected for the study due to its simplicity, popularity [35] and the fact that it induces hyperoxaluria which is a crucial risk factor for CaOx urolithiasis in clinical setting [36] . Cystone was used as a standard control in the present study considering it is a polyherbal formulation which is extensively used for the treatment of urolithiasis in clinical practice [37] .…”

Effects of Administration of Amlodipine and Lacidipine on Inflammation-Induced Bone Loss in the Ovariectomized Rat

“…On the 59th day after the OVX, inflammation was induced in groups 2, 4, 5, and 6 by four separate subcutaneous injections of talc (magnesium silicate, 3.2 g in total per animal) in sterile saline in the back of the animals as previously described [23,24]. Groups 5 and 7 were administered AML 5 mg/kg orally [4] and groups 6 and 8 were administered LAC 4 mg/kg orally [25] from the 60th to the 80th day. Experimental design and all animal groups are shown in Fig.…”

“…Apart from the benefits of CCBs, studies have shown that it is an antioxidant in vessels in vitro [2]. Our previous studies and those of others demonstrated that amlodipine and lacidipine have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects [3,4]. This anti-inflammatory effect is considered to be based on over augmentation of nitric oxide production [5] and a reduction of oxidative stress [6].…”

Effects of amlodipine on ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the rat testis

“…In several studies, AML had protective effects in the liver (Dursun et al ., ) and other tissues (Halici et al ., ) of rats with I/R models. AML has also had effects on urolithiasis (Albayrak et al ., ), inflammation (Suleyman et al ., ) and osteoporosis (Halici et al ., ). When we consider this data, we see that the systemic application of AML has a positive effect on oxidant and antioxidant balance.…”