The Biochemical and Functional Characterization of M28 Aminopeptidase Protein Secreted by Acanthamoeba spp. on Host Cell Interaction

Huang, Jian; Chang, Yao; Lin, Wei Chen

doi:10.3390/molecules24244573

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For instance, previous studies have revealed that certain secreted proteins, such as aminopeptidases and exosome-like vesicles, have been identified as virulence factors in pathogenic Acanthamoeba [ 11 , 12 ]. These proteins, when released by Acanthamoeba , disrupt epithelial cells and induce apoptosis [ 13 ]. The extracellular proteins secreted by Acanthamoeba not only affect the amoeba itself but also influence the microbiota in the microenvironment [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of capsular hypermucoviscosity in Klebsiella pneumoniae by Acanthamoeba

Huang,

Sung,

Lin

et al. 2023

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Acanthamoeba and Klebsiella pneumoniae are both environmental commensals. Recently, clinical harm caused by hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae has been observed. However, the interaction between these microbes and the origin of hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae have not been reported Methodology/Principal findings Here, we report that the bacterial capsule is enlarged when co-cultured with Acanthamoeba using India ink staining, and this effect depends on the number of parasites present. This interaction results in an enhancement of capsular polysaccharide production in the subsequent generations of K. pneumoniae, even without co-culturing with Acanthamoeba. The hypermucoviscosity of the capsule was examined using the sedimentation assay and string test. We also screened other K. pneumoniae serotypes, including K1, K2, K5, and K20, for interaction with Acanthamoeba using India ink staining, and found the same interaction effect Conclusions/Significance These findings suggest that the interaction between Acanthamoeba and K. pneumoniae could lead to harmful consequences in public health and nosocomial disease control, particularly hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae infections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of capsular hypermucoviscosity in Klebsiella pneumoniae by Acanthamoeba

Huang,

Sung,

Lin

et al. 2023

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…Then, Giemsa staining of CSF confirmed the presence of Acanthamoeba cysts. This led to the identification of congenital lumbar sinus as a possible access point for Acanthamoeba infection 8,9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This led to the identification of congenital lumbar sinus as a possible access point for Acanthamoeba infection. 8,9 F I G U R E 1 Inverted light microscopic images of (A) ×200 magnification of Acanthamoeba cysts, while (B) ×400 magnification of trophozoites. The scale bar represents 2 µm [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] Over the last few decades, there has been an increase in the number of infections due to Acanthamoeba.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of medicinal chemistry for drug discovery against Acanthamoeba infections

Ahmed

Anwar

Ong

et al. 2021

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Acanthamoeba is a genus of free‐living amoebae, pervasively found in the environment. Most of its pathogenic species are the causative agent of sight‐threatening Acanthamoeba keratitis and fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. Despite the advancements in the field of chemotherapy, treating Acanthamoeba infections is still challenging due to incomplete knowledge of the complicated pathophysiology. In case of infection, the treatment regimen for the patients is often ineffective due to delayed diagnosis, poor specificity, and side‐effects. Besides the resistance of Acanthamoeba cysts to most of the drugs, the recurrence of infection further complicates the recovery. Thus, it is necessary to develop an effective treatment which can eradicate these rare, but serious infections. Based on various computational and in vitro studies, it has been established that the synthetic scaffolds such as heterocyclic compounds may act as potential drug leads for the development of antiamoebic drugs. In this review, we report different classes of synthetic compounds especially heterocyclic compounds which have shown promising results against Acanthamoeba. Moreover, the antiamoebic activities of synthetic compounds with their possible mode of actions against Acanthamoeba, have been summarized and discussed in this review.

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Various brain-eating amoebae: the protozoa, the pathogenesis, and the disease

Zhang

Cheng

2021

Front. Med.

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Among various genera of free-living amoebae prevalent in nature, some members are identified as causative agents of human encephalitis, in which Naegleria fowleri followed by Acanthamoeba spp. and Balamuthia mandrillaris have been successively discovered. As the three dominant genera responsible for infections, Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia work as opportunistic pathogens of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, whereas Naegleria induces primary amoebic meningoencephalitis mostly in healthy children and young adults as a more violent and deadly disease. Due to the lack of typical symptoms and laboratory findings, all these amoebic encephalitic diseases are difficult to diagnose. Considering that subsequent therapies are also affected, all these brain infections cause significant mortality worldwide, with more than 90% of the cases being fatal. Along with global warming and population explosion, expanding areas of human and amoebae activity in some regions lead to increased contact, resulting in more serious infections and drawing increased public attention. In this review, we summarize the present information of these pathogenic free-living amoebae, including their phylogeny, classification, biology, and ecology. The mechanisms of pathogenesis, immunology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapies are also discussed.

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The Biochemical and Functional Characterization of M28 Aminopeptidase Protein Secreted by Acanthamoeba spp. on Host Cell Interaction

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Enhancement of capsular hypermucoviscosity in Klebsiella pneumoniae by Acanthamoeba

Enhancement of capsular hypermucoviscosity in Klebsiella pneumoniae by Acanthamoeba

Applications of medicinal chemistry for drug discovery against Acanthamoeba infections

Various brain-eating amoebae: the protozoa, the pathogenesis, and the disease

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