The BioCassava Plus Program: Biofortification of Cassava for Sub-Saharan Africa

Sayre, Richard T.; Beeching, John R.; Cahoon, Edgar B.; Egesi, Chiedozie; Fauquet, Claude; Fellman, John K.; Fregene, Martin A.; Gruissem, Wilhelm; Mallowa, Sally; Manary, Mark J.; Maziya-Dixon, B.; Mbanaso, Ada; Schachtman, Daniel P.; Siritunga, Dimuth; Taylor, Nigel J.; Vanderschuren, Hervé; Zhang, Peng

doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103751

Cited by 253 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…However, cassava farming is also characterized by strong farmer preferences, such that yellow (high b-carotene content) cultivars may not meet farmer preferences. Genetic transformation offers the possibility of transferring the trait to potentially any farmer-preferred variety (Sayre et al, 2011). PPD in cassava has been shown to be associated with an oxidative burst (Reilly et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, transgenic plants having low cyanogen levels due to inhibition of leaf-expressed CYP79D1/ D2 do not grow well in the absence of ammonia, due to the need to transport reduced nitrogen from leaves to roots via linamarin (Sayre et al, 2011). Therefore, an alternative strategy was needed to reduce cyanide-dependent ROS production or to sequester ROS produced following cyanogenesis.…”

Section: Expression Of Arabidopsis Aox Prevents Ros Accumulation In Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extending Cassava Root Shelf Life via Reduction of Reactive Oxygen Species Production

Zidenga

Leyva-Guerrero²,

Moon³

et al. 2012

Plant Physiology

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One of the major constraints facing the large-scale production of cassava (Manihot esculenta) roots is the rapid postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) that occurs within 72 h following harvest. One of the earliest recognized biochemical events during the initiation of PPD is a rapid burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. We have investigated the source of this oxidative burst to identify possible strategies to limit its extent and to extend cassava root shelf life. We provide evidence for a causal link between cyanogenesis and the onset of the oxidative burst that triggers PPD. By measuring ROS accumulation in transgenic low-cyanogen plants with and without cyanide complementation, we show that PPD is cyanide dependent, presumably resulting from a cyanide-dependent inhibition of respiration. To reduce cyanide-dependent ROS production in cassava root mitochondria, we generated transgenic plants expressing a codon-optimized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mitochondrial alternative oxidase gene (AOX1A). Unlike cytochrome c oxidase, AOX is cyanide insensitive. Transgenic plants overexpressing AOX exhibited over a 10-fold reduction in ROS accumulation compared with wild-type plants. The reduction in ROS accumulation was associated with a delayed onset of PPD by 14 to 21 d after harvest of greenhouse-grown plants. The delay in PPD in transgenic plants was also observed under field conditions, but with a root biomass yield loss in the highest AOX-expressing lines. These data reveal a mechanism for PPD in cassava based on cyanideinduced oxidative stress as well as PPD control strategies involving inhibition of ROS production or its sequestration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expression Of Arabidopsis Aox Prevents Ros Accumulation In Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending Cassava Root Shelf Life via Reduction of Reactive Oxygen Species Production

Zidenga

Leyva-Guerrero²,

Moon³

et al. 2012

Plant Physiology

Self Cite

132

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Added to the low protein content, is the fact that roots are processed and the processed product is essentially protein-free. Consequently, individuals consuming exclusively or predominantly cassava usually suffer from protein-deficiency symptoms [9]. There is evidence suggesting that protein content in the roots can be considerably higher (6-8%) in some landraces [7] and such an important attribute can be introgressed into cassava through classical breeding.…”

Section: Protein Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Biotechnological Advances in the Improvement of Cassava

Fondong¹,

Rey²

2018

Cassava

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the fourth most important source of carbohydrates for human consumption in the tropics and thus occupies a uniquely important position as a food security crop for smallholder farmers. Consequently, cassava improvement is of high priority to most national agricultural research institutions in the tropics. With advances in functional genomics and genome editing approaches in this post genomics era, there are unprecedented opportunities and potential to accelerate the improvement of this important crop. These new technologies will need to be directed toward addressing major cassava production constraints, notably virus resistance, protein content, tolerance to drought and reduction of hydrogen cyanide content. Here, we discuss the important role novel functional genomics and genome editing technologies have and will continue to play in cassava improvement efforts. These approaches, including artificial miRNA (amiRNA), trans-acting small interfering RNA (tasiRNA), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9), and Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING), have been shown to be effective in addressing major crop production constraints. In addition to reviewing specific applications of these technologies in cassava improvement, this chapter discusses specific examples being deployed in the amelioration of cassava or of other crops that could be applied to cassava in future.

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“…This program aims to improve the nutritional quality of the main crops adapted to marginal areas of the world in order to ensure the diet enrichment of poorest people. In 2005, the Bill Gates and Melinda Gates Foundation began supporting part of this project (CGIAR, 2012;Hirschi, 2009;Pfeiffer and McLafferty, 2007;Sayre et al, 2011). The breeding of plants aiming nutritional biofortification should consider important aspects such as the program capacity of manipulating characteristics associated with nutritional quality.…”

Section: Biofortificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable breeding as a strategy of biofortification in carotenoids and prevention of vitamin A deficiency

Ronaldo¹,

Ronaldo²,

Cleverson³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Carotenoids are a class of yellow-orange-red pigments distributed in various fruits, spices, herbs and especially in vegetables. These pigments are bioactive components essential to human health. Among the numerous classes of carotenoids, a smaller number is known for having provitamin A activity. This vitamin is essential to the organism in the proper functioning of the vision and the immune system. On the other hand, the deficiency in this vitamin is related to a great number of diseases, which can in severe cases, lead to death. This makes essential the proper supplying of this vitamin to human nutrition. There are two sources from which vitamin A can be derived: (a) vitamin A preformed with retinol esters from animal food sources and (b) from carotenoid found in plant foods. Thus, food fortification is presented as an alternative to reduce vitamin A deficiency. Currently, plant breeding has contributed to the development and introduction of biofortified products. Improved varieties obtained from biofortification have a higher content of nutrients and vitamins, leading to the improvement of human diet. The genetic breeding of vegetables aiming nutritional biofortification is a promising strategy for the increasing of carotenoid concentration in agricultural products and prevention of vitamin A deficiency. Besides the crops that have commonly been used in the biofortification programs, a series of horticulture crops are also promising for insertion in the programs of biofortification in pro vitamin A. Thus, the objective of this review is addressing the problems resulting from vitamin A deficiency and the adoption potential of horticulture species by genetic breeding programs aiming the biofortification in carotenoids.

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The BioCassava Plus Program: Biofortification of Cassava for Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 253 publications

References 124 publications

Extending Cassava Root Shelf Life via Reduction of Reactive Oxygen Species Production

Extending Cassava Root Shelf Life via Reduction of Reactive Oxygen Species Production

Recent Biotechnological Advances in the Improvement of Cassava

Vegetable breeding as a strategy of biofortification in carotenoids and prevention of vitamin A deficiency

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