The biobehavioral consequences of psychogenic stress in a small, social primate (Callithrix jacchus jacchus)

Johnson, Eric O.; Kamilaris, Themis C.; Carter, C. Sue; Calogero, Aldo E.; Gold, Philip W.; Chrousos, George P.

doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00397-5

Cited by 110 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Those females with low morning cortisol concentrations are more likely to become DOM upon group formation in a laboratory model. Once the group stabilizes, cortisol concentrations in DOM are similar to that in SUB [43]. These data suggest that basal corticosterone or testosterone may be predictive of dominance in a VBS colony.…”

Section: Potential Predictors Of Social Statusmentioning

confidence: 58%

Dynamic body weight and body composition changes in response to subordination stress

Tamashiro

Hegeman

Nguyen

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

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Social stress is prevalent in many facets of modern society. Epidemiological data suggest that stress is linked to the development of overweight, obesity and metabolic disease. Although there are strong associations between the incidence of obesity with stress and elevated levels of hormones such as cortisol, there are limited animal models to allow investigation of the etiology of increased adiposity resulting from exposure to stress. Perhaps more importantly, an animal model that mirrors the consequences of stress in humans will provide a vehicle to develop rational clinical therapy to treat or prevent adverse outcomes from exposure to chronic social stress. In the visible burrow system (VBS) model of chronic social stress mixed gender colonies are housed for 2 week periods during which male rats of the colony quickly develop a dominance hierarchy. We found that social stress has significant effects on body weight and body composition such that subordinate rats progressively develop characteristics of obesity that occurs, in part, through neuroendocrine alterations and changes in food intake amount. Although SUB are hyperphagic following social stress they do not increase their intake of sucrose solution as CON and DOM do suggesting that they are anhedonic. Consumption of a high fat diet does not appear to affect development of a social hierarchy and appears to enhance the effect that chronic stress has on body composition. The visible burrow system (VBS) model of social stress may be a potential laboratory model for studying stress-associated metabolic disease, including the metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Potential Predictors Of Social Statusmentioning

confidence: 58%

Dynamic body weight and body composition changes in response to subordination stress

Tamashiro

Hegeman

Nguyen

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

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“…This difference in affective responses may reflect species differences in social structure. Primates are highly social animals and isolation from conspecifics has negative consequences in terms of affective and stress responses [18,38]. In contrast, socially-housed male house mice form dominance hierarchies and territories [2,25] which may contribute to the reduced exploratory behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide reduces anxiety-like responses to pair housing

Workman¹,

Trainor²,

Finy³

et al. 2008

Behavioural Brain Research

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Many psychological disorders are characterized by anxiety and alterations in social interactions. Recent studies demonstrate that the chemical messenger nitric oxide (NO) can regulate both anxiety and social behaviours. We tested whether an enzyme that produces NO in the brain, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), serves as an interface between social interactions and anxiety-like behaviour. Several investigators have observed that mice increase anxiety-like responses in the elevated plusmaze after pair housing. nNOS gene deletion and 3-Bromo-7-Nitroindazole were used to inhibit the production of neuronal NO. Similar to previous studies, pair housing reduced open arm exploration in the elevated plus-maze. Pair housing also increased corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) immunoreactive cells in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Inhibition of NO production increased open arm exploration in pair-housed mice but decreased open arm exploration in individually-housed mice. These results suggest that the effect of nNOS inhibition on anxiety-like responses is context dependent and that behavioural responses to social housing are altered after nNOS inhibition. This research suggests that NO may play an important role in mediating the effect social interactions have on anxiety.

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“…Reproductive suppression in subordinate males is mediated largely by inhibition of sexual behavior (Abbott 1993, Baker et al 1999, whereas subordinate females become anovulatory and hypoestrogenemic in response to social cues (Abbott et al 1997). In addition, anovulatory subordinate females in laboratory groups have markedly lower basal cortisol levels than ovary-intact dominants or ovariectomized females (Baker et al 1999, Johnson et al 1996, Saltzman et al 1994, 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and gonadal status differences in zona reticularis expression in marmoset monkey adrenals: Cytochrome b5 localization with respect to cytochrome P450 17,20-lyase activity

Pattison

Saltzman

Abbott

et al. 2007

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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Neonatal marmosets express an adrenal fetal zone comparable to humans. While adult males fail to express a functional ZR, with barely detectable blood DHEA levels, females produce higher levels of DHEA than males in adulthood. We investigated the presence of a putative functional ZR in adult female marmosets. In contrast to males, immunohistochemical analysis showed the ZR marker cytochrome b5 was elevated in the innermost zone in cycling females (compared to testis-intact males), further elevated in the adrenals from anovulatory females, and substantially elevated and continuous in ovariectomized females. As a functional test in vivo, following overnight dexamethasone treatment, cycling and anovulatory females showed higher levels of DHEA relative to males, but DHEA failed to increase in response to ACTH. In direct contrast, while ovariectomized females exhibited lower initial DHEA levels, clear increases were detectable after ACTH administration (p<0.05), suggesting an adrenal origin. The apparent differences in cytochrome b5 expression between groups were also further verified by western blotting of adrenal microsomes, and compared to 17,20-lyase activity; the two parameters were positively correlated (p<0.01) across multiple treatment groups. We conclude that the cycling female marmoset expresses a rudimentary ZR with at least a capacity for DHEA production that becomes significantly ACTH-responsive after anovulation. Expression of cytochrome b5 in this region may be directly or indirectly controlled by gonadal function, and is, at least in part, a critical determinant in the development of an adrenal ZR that is more defined and significantly ACTH-responsive.

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The biobehavioral consequences of psychogenic stress in a small, social primate (Callithrix jacchus jacchus)

Cited by 110 publications

References 38 publications

Dynamic body weight and body composition changes in response to subordination stress

Dynamic body weight and body composition changes in response to subordination stress

Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide reduces anxiety-like responses to pair housing

Gender and gonadal status differences in zona reticularis expression in marmoset monkey adrenals: Cytochrome b5 localization with respect to cytochrome P450 17,20-lyase activity

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