The bioavailability of ivermectin in horses when administered in a liquid formulation by nasogastric intubation versus in an oral paste

Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in llamas (Lama glama)

“…None of the llamas treated orally with ivermectin paste developed quantifiable (≥2 ng/ml) serum concentrations of the drug, indicating that orally administered ivermectin is less available than the parenterally administered drug, as has been reported in other species (Fink and Porras 1989). The formulation of orally administered ivermectin affects its absorption rate; in horses and in human beings the oral administration of the drug in solution resulted in higher peak plasma levels than paste or solid formulations (Asquith and others 1987, Fink and Porras 1989).…”

Avermectins and milbemycins

“…For instance, in horses, the administration of a micelle solution via nasogastric tube resulted in 20% higher bioavailability than the oral paste. However, the eflicacies of the two formulations in reducing faecal egg counts were similar (Asquith et al, 1987). In dogs, a beef-based chewable formulation provided better absorption than a tablet formulation (Daurio et d., 1992).…”

Comparison of plasma pharmacokinetic profile of ivermectin following administration of subcutaneous injection (Baymec®) and oral tablet (Efektin®) in goats

“…A number of studies have reported that the different oral formulations of IVM significantly affect the plasma disposition of drug in animals. In horses, a paste formulation and an aqueous formulation of IVM were administered at the 200‐ μ g/kg dosage (Asquith et al. , 1987).…”

“…A number of studies have reported that the different oral formulations of IVM significantly affect the plasma disposition of drug in animals. In horses, a paste formulation and an aqueous formulation of IVM were administered at the 200-lg/kg dosage (Asquith et al, 1987). Although the peak concentration was observed within 4-5 h for the liquid formulation, a delay of 15 h occurred before C max was reached for the paste form.…”