The “Big C”—stigma, cancer, and workplace discrimination

Stergiou-Kita, Mary; Pritlove, Cheryl; Kirsh, Bonnie

doi:10.1007/s11764-016-0547-2

Cited by 100 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…After removing duplicates, 212 were screened on title and abstract, of which 207 were excluded. The remaining 5 studies met all inclusion criteria . Two studies described results using the same data, but both were included because supplementary barriers and facilitators were extracted from both studies .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Open communication between employer and survivors, and contact through “non‐invasive channels”, such as email or text messages, were also perceived as facilitators for survivors' work participation . When preparing the RTW, considering and discussing ways to communicate with the survivor during this process were also perceived as a facilitator for work participation of cancer survivors . However, employers also mentioned “respecting privacy”, “not wanting to upset the survivor” and “avoiding victim connotations” as reasons to avoid cancer‐related discussions .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2 instances, 2 studies described results using the same data, but both described supplementary barriers and facilitators and were therefore included . This resulted in a total of 47 studies, describing 45 different populations . Most studies were conducted in European ( n = 25) or North‐American ( n = 15) countries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Positive, respectful, and personal interactions were perceived as facilitators, while negative, poor, ambiguous, frightening, patronising, discouraging, and pressuring communication from employers were perceived by survivors as barriers for their work participation . Discussing a survivor's work plan was perceived as facilitating their work participation: “ So I went and spoke with my manager (…) and we were able to sort out which projects, which teaching assignments, which tasks, which meetings I would have to miss due to my radiation treatments. And we looked at a transition plan for that longer period of time ” (p. 1044) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Discussing a survivor's work plan was perceived as facilitating their work participation: “ So I went and spoke with my manager (…) and we were able to sort out which projects, which teaching assignments, which tasks, which meetings I would have to miss due to my radiation treatments. And we looked at a transition plan for that longer period of time ” (p. 1044) . In addition, conversations about the survivor's limitations to RTW and possible work adjustments, keeping the survivor up to date, and asking how he/she is doing were also perceived by survivors as facilitating their work participation …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Perceived employer‐related barriers and facilitators for work participation of cancer survivors: A systematic review of employers' and survivors' perspectives

et al. 2017

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Perceived employer‐related barriers and facilitators for work participation of cancer survivors: A systematic review of employers' and survivors' perspectives

et al. 2017

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Returning to work after cancer: Survivors', caregivers', and employers' perspectives

Fitch

Nicoll

2019

Psycho-Oncology

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Objective The Return to Work Initiative was launched to build a comprehensive understanding of issues, needs, current resources, and available supports for Canadian cancer survivors returning to work as the basis for developing a national action plan. Methods This Initiative drew on perspectives of stakeholders through a survey and consultations with cancer survivors and caregivers to learn about challenges regarding return to work and interviews and focus groups with workplace representatives and employers to determine issues encountered in the workplace. Common perspectives across stakeholder groups were identified. Results Cancer survivors (n = 410) described reduction in income, positive and negative experiences returning to work, and work‐related issues regarding side effects. Caregivers (n = 60) described loss of concentration and productivity, stress, and lack of support from coworkers. Employer representatives (n = 68) revealed challenges for managers knowing how best to support cancer survivors as there are few of them of which they are aware. All stakeholders agreed that returning to work for cancer survivors is challenging. Multiple strategies are needed to achieve success: in‐depth understanding of the issues, consideration of accommodation, communication among stakeholders, education, resources, and financial support. Conclusions The work provided a foundation for making decisions about how to proceed to improve return to work for Canadian cancer survivors.

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Association between cancer stigma and job loss among cancer survivors

et al. 2021

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Objective Previous qualitative studies found cancer stigma was associated with work discrimination and job loss among cancer patients. This study aims to quantify the association between cancer stigma and job loss among cancer survivors. Methods For this study, we used the data from a face‐to‐face cross sectional survey conducted at two cancer hospitals in Seoul and Hwasun in South Korea from October 2017 to March 2018. Cancer stigma was assessed using a validated questionnaire which consists of 12 items in three domains: (a) impossibility of recovery; (b) stereotypes; and (c) discrimination. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between cancer stigma and job loss adjusting age, sex, marital status, education, job type, residence area, cancer site, stage, comorbidity, time since diagnosis, and self‐efficacy. Results Among 433 cancer survivors, 24.0% lost their jobs after cancer, and 20.7% experienced discrimination at work. Of total, 21.7% of the survivors agreed that it was difficult to treat cancer regardless of highly developed medical science. Survivors with stigma on impossibility of recovery and stereotypes were 3.10 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.76, 5.44]) and 2.10 (95% CI: [1.20, 3.67]) times more likely to lose a job than survivors without cancer stigma. Survivors with discrimination experience at work had 1.98 (95% CI: [1.05, 3.74]) times higher risk of losing a job than survivors without it. Conclusions Survivors with cancer stigma were more likely to lose their jobs than survivors without cancer stigma. Considering its social and economic impact on job loss, comprehensive interventions for working cancer survivors as well as public campaigns against cancer stigma would be necessary.

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The “Big C”—stigma, cancer, and workplace discrimination

Abstract: Survivors require guidance to decide whether (or not) to disclose their cancer, how to respond to discriminatory behaviors, and how to best state their needs for workplace accommodations.

Cited by 100 publications

References 73 publications

Perceived employer‐related barriers and facilitators for work participation of cancer survivors: A systematic review of employers' and survivors' perspectives

Perceived employer‐related barriers and facilitators for work participation of cancer survivors: A systematic review of employers' and survivors' perspectives

Returning to work after cancer: Survivors', caregivers', and employers' perspectives

Association between cancer stigma and job loss among cancer survivors

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