The Big Blackfoot River restoration progress report for 2002 and 2003

Anderson, Ryen.; Pierce, Ron.; Podner, Craig.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.26782

2004

DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.26782

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The Big Blackfoot River restoration progress report for 2002 and 2003

Ryen. Anderson¹,

Ron. Pierce²,

Craig. Podner³

Abstract: Exhibit J: Westslope cutthroat trout genetic sampling sites and results.

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Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

(107 reference statements)

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Instream Habitat Restoration and Stream Temperature Reduction in a Whirling Disease‐Positive Spring Creek in the Blackfoot River Basin, Montana

et al. 2014

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Anthropogenic warming of stream temperature and the presence of exotic diseases such as whirling disease are both contemporary threats to coldwater salmonids across western North America. We examined stream temperature reduction over a 15-year prerestoration and postrestoration period and the severity of Myxobolus cerebralis infection (agent of whirling disease) over a 7-year prerestoration and postrestoration period in Kleinschmidt Creek, a fully reconstructed spring creek in the Blackfoot River basin of western Montana. Stream restoration increased channel length by 36% and reduced the wetted surface area by 69% by narrowing and renaturalizing the channel. Following channel restoration, average maximum daily summer stream temperatures decreased from 15.7 C to 12.5 C, average daily temperature decreased from 11.2 C to 10.0 C, and the range of daily temperatures narrowed by 3.3 C. Despite large changes in channel morphology and reductions in summer stream temperature, the prevalence and severity of M. cerebralis infection for hatchery Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss remained high (98-100% test fish with grade > 3 infection) versus minimal for hatchery Brown Trout Salmo trutta (2% of test fish with grade-1 infection). This study shows channel renaturalization can reduce summer stream temperatures in small low-elevation, groundwater-dominated streams in the Blackfoot basin to levels more suitable to native trout. However, because of continuous high infections associated with groundwater-dominated systems, the restoration of Kleinschmidt Creek favors brown trout Salmo trutta given their innate resistance to the parasite and the higher relative susceptibility of other salmonids.

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Instream Habitat Restoration and Stream Temperature Reduction in a Whirling Disease‐Positive Spring Creek in the Blackfoot River Basin, Montana

et al. 2014

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Correlation of Fluvial Rainbow Trout Spawning Life History with Severity of Infection by Myxobolus cerebralis in the Blackfoot River Basin, Montana

et al. 2009

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To assess the exposure of Blackfoot River rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to the exotic parasite Myxobolus cerebralis, the causal agent of whirling disease, we investigated the spawning life histories of adult rainbow trout with respect to the distribution and severity of infection in spawning and early rearing areas in two distinct reaches of the Blackfoot River. Radiotelemetry confirmed that Blackfoot River rainbow trout express a fluvial life history and migrate from wintering sites within the Blackfoot River to spawning sites in the lower reaches of tributaries. Spawning peaked in late April, and fry emergence was estimated to occur within a narrow window of time in early July during the known period of high parasite exposure. However, the severity of infection varied between study reaches. Spawning of lower Blackfoot River rainbow trout was dispersed among the lowermost reaches of smaller, colder, higher-gradient tributaries, most of which fell below our ability to detect infection. By contrast, a majority of the telemetered rainbow trout in the middle Blackfoot River spawned higher in the drainage and within a single, low-gradient stream where fry emerged under infectious conditions. For fluvial rainbow trout, the risk of infection varies from the tributary to the subbasin scale and relates to the geographical arrangement and properties of the tributaries, the longitudinal relationship of the pathogen to spawning and early rearing areas, and the rate and timing of dispersing age-0 fry to downstream parasite-positive waters. Before the introduction of M. cerebralis, the middle Blackfoot River was identified as having recruitment limitations caused by winter mortality and anthropogenic activities. According to our results, riparian restoration and habitat enhancement with emphasis on migratory native fish within and upstream of the pathogen may buffer fish from the effects of the disease.

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The Big Blackfoot River restoration progress report for 2002 and 2003

Abstract: Exhibit J: Westslope cutthroat trout genetic sampling sites and results.

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Instream Habitat Restoration and Stream Temperature Reduction in a Whirling Disease‐Positive Spring Creek in the Blackfoot River Basin, Montana

Instream Habitat Restoration and Stream Temperature Reduction in a Whirling Disease‐Positive Spring Creek in the Blackfoot River Basin, Montana

Correlation of Fluvial Rainbow Trout Spawning Life History with Severity of Infection by Myxobolus cerebralis in the Blackfoot River Basin, Montana

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