The BIF-Hosted High-Grade Iron Ore Deposits in the Archean Koolyanobbing Greenstone Belt, Western Australia: Structural Control on Synorogenic- and Weathering-Related Magnetite-, Hematite-, and Goethite-rich Iron Ore

Angerer, Thomas; Hagemann, Steffen

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.105.5.917

Cited by 19 publications

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“…Subsequently, Precambrian cratons and their boundaries are a major control on the location of mineral deposits worldwide (Groves & Batt 1984;Begg et al 2009Begg et al , 2010Blewett et al 2010b). However, there is clearly potential for major mineralization events/ processes within cratonic blocks, as demonstrated by large nickel (Barrie et al 1993;Houlé et al 2008;Fiorentini et al 2012;Houlé et al 2012), platinum-group element (PGE; Zientek et al 2002;Maier 2005), gold (Groves & Batt 1984;Robert et al 2005;Ispolatov et al 2008;Bateman et al 2008), base metal (Ashley et al 1988;Hannington et al 1999a, b;Cantwell et al 2009) and iron deposits (Khan & Naqvi 1996;Angerer & Hagemann 2010;Duuring et al 2012;Angerer et al 2012a) found within many Archaean cratons (e.g. Yilgarn, Superior, Kaapvaal).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The Yilgarn Craton is also one of the most intensely mineralized crustal terranes on Earth, with multiple gold, iron and nickel camps (Groves 1993;Groves et al 1995;Barley et al 1998Barley et al , 2003Barnes 2006a, b;Angerer & Hagemann 2010;Angerer et al 2012a, b;Fiorentini et al 2012;Duuring & Hagemann 2013a, b). As a result, it represents an excellent case study area to investigate the effects of crustal evolution and intra-cratonic architecture on the localization of multiple mineral systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Crustal evolution, intra-cratonic architecture and the metallogeny of an Archaean craton

Mole

Fiorentini

Cassidy

et al. 2013

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The generation of the Earth's continental crust modified the composition of the mantle and provided a stable, buoyant reservoir capable of capturing mantle material and ultimately preserving ore deposits. Within the continental crust, lithospheric architecture and associated cratonic margins are a first-order control on camp-scale mineralization. Here we show that the evolving crustal architecture of the Archaean Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, played a key role in controlling the localization of camp-scale gold, iron and nickel mineralized systems. The age and source characteristics of Archaean lithosphere are heterogeneous in both space and time and are recorded by the varying Nd isotopic signature of crustal rocks. Spatial and temporal variations in isotopic character document the evolution of an intra-cratonic architecture through time, and in doing so map transient lithospheric discontinuities where gold, nickel and iron mineral systems were concentrated. Komatiite-hosted nickel deposits cluster into camps localized within young, juvenile crust at the isotopic margin with older lithosphere; orogenic gold systems are typically localized along major structures within juvenile crust; and banded iron formation (BIF)-hosted iron deposits are localized at the edge of, and within, older lithospheric blocks. Furthermore, this work shows that crustal evolution plays an important role in the development and localization of favourable sources of nickel, gold and iron by controlling the occurrence of thick BIFs, ultramafic lavas and fertile (juvenile) crust, respectively. Fundamentally, this study demonstrates that the lithospheric architecture of a craton can be effectively imaged by isotopic techniques and used to identify regions prospective for camp-scale mineralization.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Crustal evolution, intra-cratonic architecture and the metallogeny of an Archaean craton

Mole

Fiorentini

Cassidy

et al. 2013

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“…Geologically, Prochaska [18] grouped the talc deposits into five types: (1) talc related to ultramafics (e.g., [13][14][15]); (2) Mg-carbonate-hosted talc (e.g., [20,37]); (3) metamorphic talc (e.g., [75,76]); (4) talc related to banded iron formations (mostly minnesotaite; [77,78]); and (5) secondary talc deposits [18]. The most economically viable of these deposits are usually related to the metamorphic reaction between an Mg-carbonate infiltrated by a silica-rich hydrothermal fluid [18,20,21,37].…”

Section: Implications For the Formation Of Mg-carbonate-hostedmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study of the Formation of Talc through CaMg(CO₃)₂–SiO₂–H₂O Interaction at 100–200°C and Vapor-Saturation Pressures

et al. 2017

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The metamorphic interaction between carbonate and silica-rich fluid is common in geological environments. The formation of talc from dolomite and silica-rich fluid occurs at low temperatures in the metamorphism of the CaO-MgO-SiO 2 -CO 2 -H 2 O system and plays important roles in the formation of economically viable talc deposits, the modification of dolomite reservoirs, and other geological processes. However, disagreement remains over the conditions of talc formation at low temperatures. In this study, in situ Raman spectroscopy, quenched scanning electron microscopy, micro-X-ray diffraction, and thermodynamic calculations were used to explore the interplay between dolomite and silica-rich fluids at relatively low temperatures in fused silica tubes. Results showed that talc formed at ≤200 ∘ C and low CO 2 partial pressures (PCO 2 ). The reaction rate increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing PCO 2 . The major contributions of this study are as follows: (1) we confirmed the formation mechanism of Mg-carbonate-hosted talc deposits and proved that talc can form at ≤200 ∘ C; (2) the presence of talc in carbonate reservoirs can indicate the activity of silica-rich hydrothermal fluids; and (3) the reactivity and solubility of silica require further consideration, when a fused silica tube is used as the reactor in high P-T experiments.

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“…The data-set used comes from a high-grade iron ore deposit (K-pit deposit, see description by Angerer and Hagemann, 2010) hosted by banded iron formations of the Archean Koolyanobbing Greenstone Belt, Western Australia, located 360 km east of Perth in the Southern Cross Province of the Yilgarn Craton. The greenstone belt strikes northwest and is approximately 35 km long and 8 km wide.…”

Section: Geological Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is composed of a folded sequence of amphibolites, meta-komatiites, and intercalated metamorphosed banded iron formation (BIF; Griffin, 1981). The K-deposit occurs where the main BIF horizon, striking 300° and dipping 70° NE, is offset by younger NNE-striking faults (Angerer and Hagemann, 2010). The resource of the K-deposit consists of different mineralogical and textural ore types, including hard highgrade (>55% Fe) magnetite, haematite, and goethite ores and medium-grade fault-controlled haematite-quartz breccia (45-58% Fe) and haematite-magnetite BIF (45-55% Fe).…”

Section: Geological Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving processing by adaption to conditional geostatistical simulation of block compositions

Tolosana‐Delgado

Mueller

Boogaart

et al. 2015

J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

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The BIF-Hosted High-Grade Iron Ore Deposits in the Archean Koolyanobbing Greenstone Belt, Western Australia: Structural Control on Synorogenic- and Weathering-Related Magnetite-, Hematite-, and Goethite-rich Iron Ore

Cited by 19 publications

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Crustal evolution, intra-cratonic architecture and the metallogeny of an Archaean craton

Crustal evolution, intra-cratonic architecture and the metallogeny of an Archaean craton

An Experimental Study of the Formation of Talc through CaMg(CO₃)₂–SiO₂–H₂O Interaction at 100–200°C and Vapor-Saturation Pressures

Improving processing by adaption to conditional geostatistical simulation of block compositions

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The BIF-Hosted High-Grade Iron Ore Deposits in the Archean Koolyanobbing Greenstone Belt, Western Australia: Structural Control on Synorogenic- and Weathering-Related Magnetite-, Hematite-, and Goethite-rich Iron Ore

Cited by 19 publications

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Crustal evolution, intra-cratonic architecture and the metallogeny of an Archaean craton

Crustal evolution, intra-cratonic architecture and the metallogeny of an Archaean craton

An Experimental Study of the Formation of Talc through CaMg(CO3)2–SiO2–H2O Interaction at 100–200°C and Vapor-Saturation Pressures

Improving processing by adaption to conditional geostatistical simulation of block compositions

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An Experimental Study of the Formation of Talc through CaMg(CO₃)₂–SiO₂–H₂O Interaction at 100–200°C and Vapor-Saturation Pressures