The Bidirectional Relationship between Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Lung Cancer

Abstract

Lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis are two significant public health problems that continue to take millions of lives each year. They may have similar symptoms and, in some cases, are diagnosed simultaneously or may have a causal relationship. In tuberculosis disease, the chronic inflammation, different produced molecules, genomic changes, and fibrosis are believed to be important factors that may promote carcinogenesis. As a reverse reaction, the development of carcinogenesis and the treatment may induce the reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection. Moreover, the recently used checkpoint inhibitors are a debatable subject since they help treat lung cancer but may lead to the reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis and checkpoint-induced pneumonitis. Pulmonary rehabilitation is an effective intervention in post-tuberculosis patients and lung cancer patients and should be recommended to improve outcomes in these pathologies.

Navigating the Maze: Exploring Non-Oncological Complexities in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

“…Regarding the high prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in our country [2,7], all or part of the fibronodular lesions of the lung parenchyma (Figure 4), nodular calcification, and osseous/osteomedullary metaplasia (Figure 5) could represent sequelae of tuberculosis. Regarding the high prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in our country [2,7], all or part of the fibronodular lesions of the lung parenchyma (Figure 4), nodular calcification, and osseous/osteomedullary metaplasia (Figure 5) could represent sequelae of tuberculosis. Regarding the high prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in our country [2,7], all or part of the fibronodular lesions of the lung parenchyma (Figure 4), nodular calcification, and osseous/osteomedullary metaplasia (Figure 5) could represent sequelae of tuberculosis.…”

“…Regarding the high prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in our country [2,7], all or part of the fibronodular lesions of the lung parenchyma (Figure 4), nodular calcification, and osseous/osteomedullary metaplasia (Figure 5) could represent sequelae of tuberculosis. Regarding the high prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in our country [2,7], all or part of the fibronodular lesions of the lung parenchyma (Figure 4), nodular calcification, and osseous/osteomedullary metaplasia (Figure 5) could represent sequelae of tuberculosis. Two of the specimens with fibronodular lesions were associated with multiple NSCLC tumors of different histopathological subtypes: one case presented with adenocarcinoma (one tumor-Figure 6) and a squamous cell tumor (one tumor-Figure 7) and another case presented with adenocarcinoma (one tumor) and large-cell neuroendocrine tumors (two tumors-Figure 8).…”

A Novel Cytochrome P450 2E1 Inhibitor Q11 Is Effective on Lung Cancer via Regulation of the Inflammatory Microenvironment

“…[17] The persistent chronic inflammation caused by lung diseases such as tuberculosis is highly correlated with lung cancer. [18][19][20][21] These studies support the important role of inflammation in lung cancer, and, unfortunately, existing clinical anti-inflammatory drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have no satisfied effect on lung cancer, which may be due to lack of novel effective inflammatory targets.…”

Add fuel to the fire: Inflammation and immune response in lung cancer combined with COVID-19

“…Lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis, and interstitial lung disease, increase the risk of lung cancer. Long-term exposure to various pollutants such as external pathogens, tobacco smoke, and asbestos fibres may cause the release of various cytokines and growth factors that provide a selective growth advantage to mutant cells ( 15 – 17 ). In lung cancer, due to endogenous and exogenous high-risk factors, chronic inflammation is a common and important pathogenesis.…”