The bias of the question posed: a diagnostic “invisible gorilla”

Zamir, Ehud

doi:10.1515/dx-2014-0017

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, when pilots focus on information projected onto the windshield during landing, they sometimes completely overlook other airplanes on the runway [ 2 ]. Also, radiologists looking for lung nodules in CT scans failed to notice much larger, yet unexpected alterations in the image [ 3 ] (see also[ 4 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some See It, Some Don’t: Exploring the Relation between Inattentional Blindness and Personality Factors

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human awareness is highly limited, which is vividly demonstrated by the phenomenon that unexpected objects go unnoticed when attention is focused elsewhere (inattentional blindness). Typically, some people fail to notice unexpected objects while others detect them instantaneously. Whether this pattern reflects stable individual differences is unclear to date. In particular, hardly anything is known about the influence of personality on the likelihood of inattentional blindness. To fill this empirical gap, we examined the role of multiple personality factors, namely the Big Five, BIS/BAS, absorption, achievement motivation, and schizotypy, in these failures of awareness. In a large-scale sample (N = 554), susceptibility to inattentional blindness was associated with a low level of openness to experience and marginally with a low level of achievement motivation. However, in a multiple regression analysis, only openness emerged as an independent, negative predictor. This suggests that the general tendency to be open to experience extends to the domain of perception. Our results complement earlier work on the possible link between inattentional blindness and personality by demonstrating, for the first time, that failures to consciously perceive unexpected objects reflect individual differences on a fundamental dimension of personality.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some See It, Some Don’t: Exploring the Relation between Inattentional Blindness and Personality Factors

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, a person who had been diagnosed with tuberculosis died from undiagnosed lymphoma, possibly because the cancerous cells looked similar to a typical presentation of tuberculosis in a lymph node biopsy (Owattanapanich et al, 2017 ). Similarly, 11 out of 12 ophthalmologists missed signs of iron toxicity from a metallic object when asked to look for and rule out malignant melanoma (Zamir, 2015 ), and only about 25% of radiological reports mentioned the presence of an additional rib during their initial read of a CT scan taken for other purposes (Viertel et al, 2012 ). In an analysis of initial readings of radiological images that resulted in delayed diagnosis, approximately 42% of the errors were attributed to “underreading” or missing the finding, and 82% of the examined cases had an instance of underreading (Kim & Mansfield, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inattentional blindness in medicine

Hults,

Ding,

Xie

et al. 2024

Cogn. Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

People often fail to notice unexpected stimuli when their attention is directed elsewhere. Most studies of this “inattentional blindness” have been conducted using laboratory tasks with little connection to real-world performance. Medical case reports document examples of missed findings in radiographs and CT images, unintentionally retained guidewires following surgery, and additional conditions being overlooked after making initial diagnoses. These cases suggest that inattentional blindness might contribute to medical errors, but relatively few studies have directly examined inattentional blindness in realistic medical contexts. We review the existing literature, much of which focuses on the use of augmented reality aids or inspection of medical images. Although these studies suggest a role for inattentional blindness in errors, most of the studies do not provide clear evidence that these errors result from inattentional blindness as opposed to other mechanisms. We discuss the design, analysis, and reporting practices that can make the contributions of inattentional blindness unclear, and we describe guidelines for future research in medicine and similar contexts that could provide clearer evidence for the role of inattentional blindness.

show abstract