The Bhutan Electric Vehicle Initiative: Scenarios, Implications, and Economic Impact

Zhu, Da; Patella, Dominic Pasquale; Steinmetz, Roland; Peamsilpakulchorn, Pajnapa

doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0741-1

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In case of techno-economic parameters of demand technologies, Bhutan specific data were used wherever available and the remaining data requirements were surrogated and adapted from the wider literature. For instance, data for transport sector were adapted from: City Bus Service (2015), Department of Renewable Energy (2015b), DoE (2010), , the Ministry of Information and Communications (2015), and Zhu, Patella, Steinmetz and Peamsilpakulchorn (2016). Data for industry sector were obtained from: DoI (2015), Huisingh, Zhang, Moore, Qiao and Li (2015), Kero, Grådahl and Tranell (2016), NEC &TERI (2016).…”

Section: A1 Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Learning rates were imputed from Rubin, Azevedo, Jaramillo, and Yeh (2015) and . Yangka and Diesendorf (2016) and Zhu et al (2016). relates the current branch (containing the above expression syntax) to the other branch which contains the independent variable that is assumed to drive the growth of the dependent variable in the current branch within the elasticity value specified by the modeller.…”

Section: A1 Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

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Bhutan: Can the 1.5 °C Agenda Be Integrated with Growth in Wealth and Happiness?

Yangka

Newman

2018

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Bhutan is a tiny kingdom nested in the fragile ecosystem of the eastern Himalayan range, with urbanisation striding at a rapid rate. To the global community, Bhutan is known for its Gross National Happiness (GNH), which in many ways is an expression of the Sustainable Development concept. Bhutan is less known for its policy of being carbon neutral, which has been in place since the 15th session of the Conference of Parties meeting in 2009 and was reiterated in their Nationally Determined Contribution with the Paris Agreement. Bhutan achieves its carbon neutral status through its hydro power and forest cover. Like most emerging countries, Bhutan wants to increase its wealth and become a middle income country by 2020, as well as increase its GNH. This article looks at the planning options to integrate the three core national goals of GNH, economic growth (GDP) and greenhouse gas (GHG). We investigate whether Bhutan can contribute to the 1.5°C agenda through its 'zero carbon commitment' as well as growing in GDP and improving GNH. Using the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning model, this article shows that carbon neutral status would be broken by 2037 or 2044 under a high GDP economic outlook, as well as a business as usual scenario. National and urban policy interventions are thus required to maintain carbon neutral status. Key areas of transport and industry are examined under two alternative scenarios and these are feasible to integrate the three goals of GHG, GDP and GNH. Power can be kept carbon neutral relatively easily through modest increases in hydro. The biggest issue is to electrify the transport system and plans are being developed to electrify both freight and passenger transport.

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Section: A1 Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A1 Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Bhutan: Can the 1.5 °C Agenda Be Integrated with Growth in Wealth and Happiness?

Yangka

Newman

2018

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“…For instance, in the United States (US), the National Program Charging Point America has taken an initiative of building nearly 5000 EV charging stations to offer charging services in nine regions of the U.S. [6]. Even a developing country like Bhutan has taken an initiative to set up charging infrastructure for the promotion of the EVs [7]. The establishment of charging stations imposes an additional burden on the power grid, as the high charging loads of fast EV charging stations will degrade the operating parameters of the distribution network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Load on Distribution Network

et al. 2018

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Recent concerns about environmental pollution and escalating energy consumption accompanied by the advancements in battery technology have initiated the electrification of the transportation sector. With the universal resurgence of Electric Vehicles (EVs) the adverse impact of the EV charging loads on the operating parameters of the power system has been noticed. The detrimental impact of EV charging station loads on the electricity distribution network cannot be neglected. The high charging loads of the fast charging stations results in increased peak load demand, reduced reserve margins, voltage instability, and reliability problems. Further, the penalty paid by the utility for the degrading performance of the power system cannot be neglected. This work aims to investigate the impact of the EV charging station loads on the voltage stability, power losses, reliability indices, as well as economic losses of the distribution network. The entire analysis is performed on the IEEE 33 bus test system representing a standard radial distribution network for six different cases of EV charging station placement. It is observed that the system can withstand placement of fast charging stations at the strong buses up to a certain level, but the placement of fast charging stations at the weak buses of the system hampers the smooth operation of the power system. Further, a strategy for the placement of the EV charging stations on the distribution network is proposed based on a novel Voltage stability, Reliability, and Power loss (VRP) index. The results obtained indicate the efficacy of the VRP index.

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“…For example, in the USA, the National Program Charging Point America has started to build about 5000 EV charging stations in nine regions of the country [4]. Even some developing countries like Bhutan are encouraging the deployment of EV charging stations [5]. It can be easily understood that the world is more aware of global warming and climate change, but not on the impact of EV charging stations on the already built power grids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of EV Charging Stations in Power Grids in Italy and its Mitigation Mechanisms

Mogos,

Grillo

2021

Preprint

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Global warming leads the world to think of a different way of transportation: avoiding internal combustion engines and electrifying the transportation sector. With a high penetration of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations on an existing power distribution network, the impact may be consistent. The loads of the fast-charging stations would potentially result in increased peak load demand, reduced reserve margins, voltage instability, and reliability problems. The degrading performance of the power system due to the negative impact of the EV charging stations can even lead to penalties to be paid by the distribution system operator (DSO). This paper: i) investigates the impact of the EV charging station on the distribution network for what concerns voltage drop on MV feeders and loading of transformers in primary substations, and ii) proposes a mitigation mechanism. A realistic typical Italian grid has been used to assess the impact of EV charging stations and to validate the mitigation mechanism.

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The Bhutan Electric Vehicle Initiative: Scenarios, Implications, and Economic Impact

Abstract: D i r e c t i o n s i n D e v e l o p m e n t InfrastructureThe Bhutan Electric Vehicle Initiative • http://dx.

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Bhutan: Can the 1.5 °C Agenda Be Integrated with Growth in Wealth and Happiness?

Bhutan: Can the 1.5 °C Agenda Be Integrated with Growth in Wealth and Happiness?

Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Load on Distribution Network

Impact of EV Charging Stations in Power Grids in Italy and its Mitigation Mechanisms

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