The Beta-Lactam Resistome Expressed by Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated from Human Feces of Healthy Donors

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a major health problem worldwide, causing more deaths than diabetes and cancer. The dissemination of vertical and horizontal antibiotic resistance genes has been conducted for a selection of pan-resistant bacteria. Here, we test if the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria from human feces samples in health conditions are carriers of beta-lactamases genes. The samples were cultured in a brain–heart infusion medium and subcultured in blood agar in aerobic and anaerobic conditions for 24 h at 37 °C. The grown colonies were identified by their biochemical profiles. The DNA was extracted and purified by bacterial lysis using thermal shock and were used in the endpoint PCR and next generation sequencing to identify beta-lactamase genes expression (OXA, VIM, SHV, TEM, IMP, ROB, KPC, CMY, DHA, P, CFX, LAP, and BIL). The aerobic bacterias Aeromonas hydrophila, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, Providencia rettgeri, Serratia fonticola, Serratia liquefaciens, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pantoea agglomerans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterobacter cloacae, the anaerobic bacteria: Capnocytophaga species, Bacteroides distasonis, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides fragilis, Eubacterium species, Eubacterium aerofaciens, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Fusobacterium species, Bacteroides species, and Bacteroides vulgatus were isolated and identified. The results showed 49 strains resistant to beta-lactam with the expression of blaSHV (10.2%), blaTEM (100%), blaKPC (10.2%), blaCYM (14.3%), blaP (2%), blaCFX (8.2%), and blaBIL (6.1%). These data support the idea that the human enteric microbiota constitutes an important reservoir of genes for resistance to beta-lactamases and that such genes could be transferred to pathogenic bacteria.

Impact of antibiotics on off-target infant gut microbiota and resistance genes in cohort studies

“…According to the CARD prevalence 3.0.9 update, there is wide variability in ARG phenotypes between commensals from the same and different genera. 39 These data, in combination with the results from this study and others assessing antimicrobial susceptibility in bacteria often considered off-target, 61 , 62 provide further evidence that intra- and inter-species variation is important to consider.…”

Comparative Genomics Revealed a Potential Threat of Aeromonas rivipollensis G87 Strain and Its Antibiotic Resistance

“…Aeromonas species are generally resistant to betalactams (blaCMY), and this was also observed in this study. The presence of blaCMY and ampH genes in all isolated A. rivipollensis was not a surprise, as they have been recorded in several bacteria isolates including Aeromonas species [59,60]. In addition, the genome of isolate G87 was only one of the sequenced A. rivipollensis in this study that showed a multidrug tetracycline-resistance gene.…”

Abundance and prevalence of ESBL coding genes in patients undergoing first line eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori

“…prausnitzii genogroups might contain class A BL [ 105 ], which was also the dominant BL class in the shotgun validation group, while Bacteroides sp. is a well-known group of BL-producing bacteria [ 106 , 107 ]. In addition, cbl A gene of class A BL with an annotated taxonomic source of B .…”

“…Previous studies have suggested that some F. prausnitzii genogroups might contain class A BL [105], which was also the dominant BL class in the shotgun validation group, while Bacteroides sp. is a well-known group of BL-producing bacteria [106,107]. In addition, cbl A gene of class A BL with an annotated taxonomic source of B. uniformis was the predominant BL gene in the shotgun validation group, and its abundance was higher in the post-eradication group.…”